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EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield |-------------------------------| | EDDY (TM) version 5.53 | | File and Directory Editor | | Copyright (C) 1987-1991 | | by John Scofield | | CompuServe: 70162,2357 | | All rights reserved | |-------------------------------| USER'S MANUAL This program is supplied as-is. The author disclaims all warranties, expressed or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of merchantability and the warranties of fitness for any purpose. Copies of this program may not be sold for more than the cost of the medium on which they are copied, plus reasonable handling charges. _______ ____|__ | (R) --| | |------------------- | ____|__ | Association of | | |_| Shareware |__| o | Professionals -----| | |--------------------- |___|___| MEMBER EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. What Does EDDY Do? .............................................. 1 1.1 EDDY is Ready if You Are .................................... 1 1.2 EDDY's Display .............................................. 2 1.2.1 Sequence & Sorting .................................... 3 1.2.2 Number of Files ....................................... 4 1.2.3 File Sizes & Disk Capacity ............................ 4 1.2.4 Directory Sizes ....................................... 5 1.2.5 Printing Directories .................................. 6 1.2.6 Playing With RAM ...................................... 6 1.3 An Overview ................................................. 7 2. Keyboard Usage Summary .......................................... 8 2.1 Moving the Cursor ........................................... 8 2.2 Commands .................................................... 9 3. EDDY's DOS Command Line ......................................... 11 3.1 Path Specifications ......................................... 11 3.2 Options ..................................................... 12 3.2.1 Letter Options - <A-o> ................................ 12 3.2.2 Number Options ........................................ 15 3.3 Other Command Line Parameters ............................... 16 4. Editing Directory Entries ....................................... 16 4.1 Selecting a File ............................................ 17 4.2 Renaming Files .............................................. 17 4.3 Changing Date and Time ...................................... 18 4.4 Changing File Attributes .................................... 18 5. Moving to a New Directory ....................................... 19 5.1 Working Directory - <A-w> ................................... 19 5.2 Target Directory - <A-t> .................................... 21 5.3 Exchange Working & Target Directories - <A-x> ............... 22 5.4 Where's That File? - Option /W and <^w> ..................... 22 5.5 Working With "SUBST"ed Directories .......................... 23 5.5.1 From the Command Line ................................. 23 5.5.2 Interactively ......................................... 23 5.5.3 What d'ya mean, "Too Long"? .......................... 23 6. HELP Command - <F1> ............................................. 24 7. UNDO Command - <F2>, <^F2> ...................................... 24 EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page ii 8. LOOK Command - <F3>, <^F3> ...................................... 24 8.1 LOOK at Subdirectory ........................................ 24 8.2 LOOK at File Contents (in Working Directory) ................ 26 8.2.1 Commands in LOOK Mode ................................. 26 a. Hex/ASCII Format Control - <Tab> / <S-Tab> ......... 26 b. Printing a File - <A-p> ............................ 26 c. EGA/VGA Screen Control - <e> ....................... 26 8.2.2 ASCII Format Display .................................. 26 8.2.3 ASCII Format Commands ................................. 27 a. TAB Expansion - <0> thru <8> / <A-0> thru <A-8> ...... 27 b. Bit-stripping - / <A-b> .......................... 27 c. Ruler Line Display - <r> / / <d> ................. 28 d. Jump to New Line - <j> ............................... 28 e. Line Wrapping - <l> / <A-l> .......................... 28 8.2.4 Hex Format Display .................................... 29 8.2.5 Hex Format Commands ................................... 30 a. Printability - ................................... 30 b. Bit-stripping - / <A-b> .......................... 30 c. Jump to New File Offset - <j> ........................ 30 d. Word-oriented Display - <w>, <W> ..................... 31 8.3 LOOK at File Contents (in Target Directory) - <A-F3> ........ 31 8.4 Compare Directory Entries - <S-F3>, <S-^F3> ................. 31 8.5 Compare File Contents - <A-S-F3> ............................ 32 8.6 LOOK at RAM (or ROM, or ???) ................................ 32 8.7 LOOK at Entire Disk ......................................... 32 9. PATCH Command - <F4>, <^F4> ..................................... 33 9.1 Changing a File's Length .................................... 33 9.1.1 Appending Bytes to a File - <A-z> ..................... 33 9.1.2 Deleting Bytes From a File - <A-y> .................... 34 9.2 Updating in PATCH - <Enter> or <^Enter> ..................... 34 9.3 PATCHing RAM ................................................ 34 9.4 PATCHing Disks by Sector .................................... 34 10. COPY/MOVE/DELETE Controls - <A-c> ............................... 35 11. COPY Command - <F5>, <^F5> ...................................... 36 11.1 COPY/MOVE/DELETE Confirmation............................... 38 11.2 COPYing Files With Disk Errors ............................. 39 11.3 Alterations to a Copied File ............................... 39 11.3.1 TAB Expansion - <A-0> thru <A-8> .................... 39 11.3.2 Bit-stripping - <A-b> ............................... 39 11.4 COPYing RAM ................................................ 39 11.5 COPYing Disks .............................................. 39 EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page iii 12. MOVE Command - <F6>, <^F6> ...................................... 40 12.1 Moving Subdirectories ...................................... 40 12.2 Had a Problem? Don't Panic! ................................ 41 13. DELETE Command - <F7>, <^F7> .................................... 42 13.1 Deleting Subdirectories .................................... 42 13.2 Logical DELETE (Ignore) - <A-F7>, <A-^F7> .................. 43 14. DESTROY Command - <S-F7>, <S-^F7> ............................... 43 15. DOS Gateway - <F9> .............................................. 44 15.1 Execute File - <A-F9> ...................................... 45 15.2 Execute Command ("Point-and-Shoot") with EDDY.USE .......... 45 15.2.1 One-File Point-and-Shoot - <S-F9> ................... 45 15.2.2 Multi-File Point-and-Shoot - <S-^F9> ................ 46 a. Multi-File Command Identifier .................... 46 b. Pause Indicator .................................. 46 16. QUIT Command - <F10>, <Esc> ..................................... 47 16.1 Exit Directory - <S-F10>, <A-F10> .......................... 47 16.2 EGA and VGA Display Control - <^F10> ....................... 47 17. FIND String in File, Disk or RAM - <A-f>, <f> ................... 48 17.1 Entering New FIND Strings .................................. 49 17.2 Global Match Character - <A-g> ............................. 50 17.3 "Don't Match" Attribute - <A-k> ............................ 50 17.4 FIND and REPLACE - <A-r> ................................... 51 17.5 Search for FIND String in All Files - <^f> ................. 52 18. File Selection by Filtering ..................................... 53 18.1 Filtering by Attribute ..................................... 53 18.1.1 Attribute Selection from the Command Line ........... 53 18.1.2 Attribute Selection in EDDY - <A-a> ................. 54 18.2 Filtering by Timestamp...................................... 54 18.2.1 Timestamp Selection from the Command Line ........... 54 18.2.2 Timestamp Selection in EDDY - <A-q> ................. 55 19. VOLUME Labelling - <A-v> ........................................ 55 20. Batch Operations ................................................ 56 EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page iv 21. Disk Jockey's Delight (format-level disk functions) ............ 57 21.1 LOOK at Entire Disk - <F3> ................................. 57 21.1.1 Jumping Around ...................................... 58 a. Jump to Sector - <j> ............................... 58 b. Jump to Cluster - <A-j> ............................ 58 c. Jump to Working Directory - <A-w> .................. 58 d. Jump to Target Directory - <A-t> ................... 58 e. Jump to Starting Cluster - <A-s> ................... 58 f. Jump to Next Cluster - <A-n> ....................... 59 g. Jump to Unallocated Cluster - <A-u> ................ 59 21.1.2 Displaying Directory Entries - <A-d> ................ 60 21.2 PATCH Anything on a Disk - <F4> ............................ 61 21.3 That's Too Dangerous! ...................................... 61 21.4 FIND Strings Anywhere on a Disk - <A-f> .................... 61 21.5 COPY Disk (or parts of it) ................................. 61 21.5.1 Select Disk Area .................................... 62 a. Mark Cluster(s) - <m> .............................. 62 b. Mark Entire Disk - <^m> ............................ 62 c. Jump to Marked Cluster - <A-m> ..................... 62 21.5.2 COPY Marked Area - <Enter> .......................... 62 21.5.3 Disk-to-File COPYing (for BBS'ers) .................. 63 21.5.4 File-to-Disk COPYing - <S-F5> ....................... 63 22. Data Recovery ................................................... 64 23. UPDATE Mode - <Enter>, <^Enter> ................................. 66 23.1 Applying Changes ........................................... 66 23.2 Print a Record of Your Changes - <A-p> ..................... 67 23.3 Target Capacity Check ...................................... 67 23.4 Error Recovery ............................................. 69 24. EDDY's Default Settings are Lousy! .............................. 70 24.1 Customizing - "EDDY/0" ..................................... 70 24.2 Rainbow Selection - <A-r> .................................. 72 24.3 Customizing by PATCHing .................................... 72 24.3.1 DOS Prompt String ................................... 72 24.3.2 Data Error Indicator ................................ 72 24.3.3 I Don't Mind a Little Flicker ....................... 73 25. Distribution and Support ........................................ 74 25.1 EDDY is NOT Free! .......................................... 74 25.2 Technical Support .......................................... 75 Appendix A - Command Reference ...................................... 76 Appendix B - Memory Usage ........................................... 79 EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 1 1. What Does EDDY Do? EDDY (for EDit DirectorY) is a full-screen directory editor and general purpose disk utility. Anything you'd like to do with (to) a file, directory or entire disk can probably be done with EDDY, and done easier than with other utilities. The major functions provided include the following: - EDIT directory entries, including name, date, time and attributes of files - Sort directory display by file name, extension, size or date/time - COPY, MOVE, DELETE and/or DESTROY files (interactive or batch mode) - LOOK at or PATCH data in files, in RAM, or by physical disk sector - FIND strings of data in files, in RAM or by physical disk sector - Locate files anywhere on your disk, by name (with wildcards), by file attributes, and/or by file timestamp - Safe File Recovery Most of what EDDY does isn't new; the program was developed as a test of the "Build a better mousetrap..." theory of economics. However, it often provides a "new twist" on approaches to old problems. Some of the features and capabilities that have been reported by users as particularly helpful (along with some of my own ideas about what's neat) are described in the accompanying "EDDY_WHY.DOC" file. EDDY is also cheaper (but NOT free! It is not in the public domain.) EDDY is "user-supported" software, or "shareware". Distribution and use of EDDY are subject to the conditions in Section 25.1) EDDY's revision history, summarizing the features and enhancements in this and earlier versions, is available in the file "EDDY.HST". 1.1 EDDY is Ready if You Are EDDY needs the following hardware and software: - IBM PC, XT, AT, PS/2 or close compatible - A monitor that can accommodate 25x80 text mode display - At least 80K of available memory (see Appendix B) - PC- or MS-DOS level 2.0 or later, or OS/2 If your monitor can handle more than 25 lines, so can EDDY (up to a maximum of 66 lines - see Section 3.2.2, option "/9"). The simplest way to get familiar with EDDY is to just type "EDDY" and <Enter>. EDDY has extensive, context-sensitive HELP facilities, accessible with <F1>. HELP includes all of the basic information needed to use EDDY. There is no danger of damage to your disk data, because no changes will be made to any of your directories or files until you tell EDDY to do so. If EDDY's display is blurred, unreadable, or strange-looking, try "EDDY/M". If this works, create a customized copy with option /M on (See Section 24). EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 2 1.2 EDDY's Display This is a sample of a typical EDDY display, which might have resulted from entering the command "EDDY A:" ================================================================================ filename.ext size date time RHYDAS DIR of A:\*.* Drive A: is EDDY 109 files, 308224 bytes 2048 bytes free BAT <DIR> 2/04/87 9:15:04p nnnynn EDDY <DIR> 1/25/87 12:52:12p nnnynn AUTOEXEC BAT 788 10/21/86 11:30:10a nnnnyn CMDSUB ASM 12856 9/17/86 7:45:26p nnnnyn CMDSUB OBJ 1246 9/17/86 7:52:38p nnnnyn COMMAND COM 22885 11/26/85 10:22:08p nnnnyn CONFIG SYS 79 10/18/86 7:31:12p nnnnnn CONVRT ASM 5927 9/06/86 11:15:16a nnnnnn CONVRT OBJ 499 9/06/86 11:20:52a nnnnnn ERROUT ASM 5663 9/15/86 8:15:24p nnnnnn ERROUT OBJ 2127 9/15/86 8:16:12p nnnnnn MIO SYS 9054 11/18/85 12:00:00p yyynyn MSDOS SYS 27856 11/18/85 12:00:00p yyynyn PRINT COM 8339 11/18/85 12:00:00p nnnnnn PSP DEF 1195 1/29/87 7:21:04p nnnnyn UTLSUB ASM 10649 2/09/87 1:49:34a nnnnyn UTLSUB OBJ 965 2/09/87 1:50:32a nnnnyn VDISK SYS 2721 11/18/85 12:00:00p nnnnnn WOMBAT EXE 80201 1/02/83 9:00:46a nnnnnn -EDIT- seq=N <Enter> to UPDATE F1:HELP F2:UNDO F3:LOOK F5:COPY F7:DEL F10:QUIT ================================================================================ Figure 1-1 The major differences between EDDY's display and DIR's display are: 1) EDDY displays directory information for all (including hidden) files 2) the "seconds" part of the timestamp is shown 3) file attribute bit settings are included in the display (including "shared" file attributes, if present) 4) the display may be sorted or unsorted (initially sorted by file name) 5) only a page at a time is shown, and you may scroll forward and backward in the display as desired. You may notice that all the "seconds" displayed are even numbers. This is not a bug in EDDY. It is because DOS stores "seconds / 2" (only 5 bits allocated in the directory entry), and so any odd seconds are dropped. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 3 1.2.1 Sequence & Sorting EDDY's starting display is sorted by file name. The sequence is indicated on the last line of the display. In Figure 1-1 the last line shows the notation "seq=N", indicating sort by NAME. Possible values of "seq" are: "D" - sorted by DATE, time, name & extension "E" - sorted by EXTENSION & name "H" - sorted by HOUR & minute "N" - sorted by NAME & extension "S" - sorted by SIZE, name & extension "U" - UNSORTED; i.e., in the sequence stored in the directory by DOS EDDY builds the first display in name sequence. If you would prefer a different initial sequence, refer to Section 3.2.2 for information on the use of option /1 to change the sort sequence. To change the sequence currently displayed, press <A-d>, <A-e>, <A-h>, <A-n>, <A-s> or <A-u>. The directory will be re-sorted in the new (or same) sequence requested, and the "seq" field on the bottom line will be updated. Subdirectories are an exception to the sequences just described: except for UNSORTED sequence, all subdirectories are grouped at the top of the display, before any file entries. This is to make it easier to move around the disk, from subdirectory to subdirectory, using the LOOK command (see Section 8.1). To invert the order of the display (e.g., to get the files with the most recent dates at the top), press <A-i>. When the display is inverted, an up-and-down arrow appears just to the right of the "seq" field. When the display is inverted, subdirectories appear at the end. Once the display has been inverted, it remains that way until <A-i> is pressed again; <A-i> is a toggle. Thus, if the display is by date, inverted (i.e., newest date first) and you press <A-s>, the resulting display will be by size, inverted (biggest files first). Inverting is different from sorting. Inverting simply reverses the order of the list of files currently displayed, and makes any later sort produce an inverted list. Inverting does not cause the directory to be reprocessed. Under some unusual circumstances, you may see the following warning message when you enter a command to re-sort: "Sorting cancels changes not UPDATEd. Sort (y/n)?" This occurs when you have very little memory available for EDDY's use, and there are lots of pending changes when you enter the command. EDDY will always handle at least 35 pending changes without this problem. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 4 1.2.2 Number of Files With displays containing more than one page, an arrow, pointing up and/or down appears in the upper right corner to show that there is more data to be viewed by scrolling in that direction. EDDY can display up to around 400 directory entries, depending on available memory. This is a limit on the display, not on the size of directories. If you had, say, 500 files in directory "\BIGDIR", and you wanted to work with all assembler source files in that directory, typing "EDDY \BIGDIR\*.ASM" would yield a display of all .ASM files (up to 400). If EDDY's display capacity is exceeded, the number of files indicated on the third line ("109 files" in Figure 1-1) will be replaced by two numbers. The first is the number of files displayed, and the second is the additional number of files which would have been displayed if there had been enough room. In Figure 1-1, if the directory had contained 480 entries, the "109 files" would be replaced by "400+0080 files". When EDDY finds too many files to display at once, files are "dropped off" the end of the list according to the current sequence. For example, if the sequence is by date, inverted, the files with the oldest dates would be dropped. Sorting again will reprocess the entire directory, dropping those files which come at the end of the list according to the new sequence. (Inverting will redisplay the current list in the opposite order.) It is possible to display up to double EDDY's capacity, by first displaying the files in one sequence and then inverting and re-sorting. Suppose a directory had 500 entries, and was displayed in "Name" sequence. The first 400 files would be displayed. To see the rest of the files in this directory, press <A-i> followed by <A-n>. This would show the rest of the files, starting from the opposite end, in inverted sequence. 1.2.3 File Sizes & Disk Capacity The display also shows the number of bytes used by the files in the display, and the number of remaining free bytes on the disk. Both are multiples of the disk cluster size. Space occupied by subdirectories normally is not included in the display (but refer to Section 1.2.4) File sizes are counts of bytes of data in the files, rather than bytes in the clusters occupied by the files; thus, the "bytes used" will often not equal the total of the file sizes. If the directory has more files than EDDY can display, the "bytes used" is the total for all files (i.e., the "400+0080 files" in the example). For diskettes with no subdirectories, and with all files displayed (*.*), the bytes used plus bytes free should equal the disk capacity. If not, try running "CHKDSK" to see if there are some stray sectors to be reclaimed. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 5 1.2.4 Directory Sizes Normally, next to a subdirectory, you'll see "<DIR>" in the size field, and the space occupied by the directories does not appear in the "bytes used" summary. However, these directories do occupy space on the disk. A single entry (file or subdirectory) in a directory requires 32 bytes; thus, 64 entries fit in a typical 2048-byte cluster. If a directory has more entries than can fit in a cluster, more clusters are allocated to the directory. If you'd like to see how much space is actually occupied by the subdirec- tories on your disk, use option /D (see Section 3.2.1 for a discussion of options). But be prepared to wait longer for the display to be built; DOS does not report directory sizes through its normal services. EDDY must interpret low-level format and FAT information directly, reading the relevant sectors of the disk to get this information. The sizes are shown between "<" and ">" brackets (e.g., "<2048>", so directories are still easily differentiated from files in the display. When displayed, directory sizes (except for the "." and ".." entries) are included in the "bytes used" summary. The size of the "." entry is the size of the directory being displayed; it is not part of the space allocated to the files in that directory. The ".." entry is also not included in the summary figure. If the ".." entry is actually the root directory, you will see "<ROOT>" instead of a size, as the root size is fixed by the formatting process, and does not occupy space that would otherwise be available for file storage. If you delete entries, the directory space is NOT released; directories always stay as large as the most space that was ever required for them, even if there are NO files currently in the directory. The only way to free up unused directory space is by deleting the directory itself. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 6 1.2.5 Printing Directories You may print the directory, in the same format as EDDY's display, by pressing <A-p>. If there are any changes, either pending or completed, when <A-p> is pressed, they will be printed as well If you want to stop before the entire directory has been printed, press <A-p> again; <A-p> is a toggle key. Pressing <A-S-p> sends a formfeed to the printer, but doesn't print the directory. 1.2.6 Playing With RAM You may access your PC's main memory from EDDY, in much the same way as for files. If option /P is turned ON, the display will include an entry with the name " memory", showing the no. of bytes of RAM in your system (as indicated by your system's BIOS), and the current DOS date and time. This entry will appear at the end of the list of files in most displays, with two exceptions: if the sort sequence is inverted, the " memory" entry will be at the top; and if there are more files in the directory than EDDY can display at once, the " memory" entry will not appear at all. " memory" is not included in the display of number of files and bytes used. You may LOOK at, FIND strings in, PATCH or COPY the " memory" entry. For more information on these, see the respective sections of this document. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 7 1.3 An Overview The directory displayed by EDDY is referred to as the "working directory". If any files are copied or moved, they are put in the "target directory". The working and target directories, as well as some other parameters, may be given on the DOS command line. The directories may be changed during execution of EDDY. If the command line does not include any directory specification, the current directory on the default drive will be the initial working directory. Details on use of the DOS command line with EDDY are given in Section 3.0. EDDY begins in EDIT mode, displaying the entries in the working directory. You may edit information in those directory entries, including filename, extension, date, time and attribute bit settings. Just move the cursor to the field you want to edit, and type your changes. You may also select files to be patched, copied, moved, deleted, etc. All changes will be shown on the screen, but no changes will be made on disk until you tell EDDY to do so. EDDY applies the requested changes to disk when you enter UPDATE mode, by pressing <Enter>. EDDY will ask you to confirm that you want to write to disk (by pressing <Enter> again), and will give you the choice of returning to EDIT without making any changes. At any time before writing changes to disk (in UPDATE mode), you may change your mind and UNDO the changes. You may UNDO changes to the current file with <F2>, or you may UNDO all changes to all files by pressing <^F2>. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 8 2. Keyboard Usage Summary This summary is provided as a "quick reference" guide. Further details of use of the various keys may be found in the later sections of this document. In this document, key names are enclosed between "<" and ">" delimiters. 2.1 Moving the Cursor The "arrow" characters are not printable in general, so the cursor control keys are indicated by the word - left, right, up, down - for the direction of the arrow that's printed on the key cap. In key names, these prefixes are used to indicate shifted key combinations: "S-" = Shift, "^" = Ctrl, and "A-" = Alt EDDY's cursor is moved around in the display as follows: <Up> - move up 1 line <PgUp> - up 1 page <Down> - move down 1 line <PgDn> - down 1 page <Home> - move to top of page <End> - move to end of page <^Home> - display first page <^End> - display last page <Left> - left 1 column <Right> - right 1 column <S-Tab> - left 1 field <Tab> - right 1 field <^Left> - move to column 1 <^Right> - move to last column </> - move to date field <:> - move to time field <.> - left edge, except in filename field <.> moves to extension <+> - move to attribute field, except in attribute field <+> toggles Some fields on the screen, such as file size, can't be edited. These fields are "protected" so that the cursor can't be moved to that position. Instead, it will move to the next unprotected position. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 9 2.2 Commands Commands tell EDDY what to do to the files that are displayed. Generally, they affect the current file, as selected by the cursor. Most common commands are assigned to function keys. Other commands generally are assigned to an <Alt-letter> combination. The most frequently used commands are displayed at the bottom of the screen. The function key commands are: <F1> - HELP * <F2> - UNDO changes on this file * <F3> - LOOK at data in file, LOOK at files in directory, or LOOK at disk <A-F3> - LOOK at data in target directory file * <S-F3> - Compare directory entries in working and target directories <A-S-F3> - Compare current file's contents in working and target * <F4> - PATCH data in file or on disk * <F5> - COPY file <S-F5> - COPY file / overwrite disk ("File-to-Disk") * <F6> - MOVE file * <F7> - DELETE file <A-F7> - Logical DELETE (ignore file during repeated operations) * <S-F7 - DESTROY file <F9> - Exit to DOS temporarily * <A-F9> - Execute current COM, EXE or BAT file * <S-F9> - Execute command defined in EDDY.USE on current file <F10> - QUIT, return to original default directory <S-F10> - Select exit directory <A-F10> - QUIT, set default to exit directory * - Commands indicated by an asterisk may be used with the <Ctrl> key. <Ctrl> (indicated in this document by "^") means "do the command for all files". E.g., <^F5> means copy all files, and <^F2> means undo all changes on all files. (Option /T, - Section 3.2.1 - changes the effect of the "^".) If you want to interrupt one of the <^Fn> commands, press <BS>. Any files tagged for copy, delete, etc. up to that point will stay tagged, but no further action will take place. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 10 The other command keys used in EDIT mode are: <A-d>: Sort files by DATE/time <A-n>: Sort files by NAME <A-e>: Sort files by EXTENSION <A-s>: Sort files by SIZE <A-h>: Sort files by HOUR/minute <A-u>: Display files UNSORTED <A-i>: INVERT display sequence <A-a>: file ATTRIBUTE filter selection <A-b>: tag file for bit-stripping when copied <A-c>: inquire/change CONTROLS for Copy & Move <A-f>: FIND string in file <^f>: FIND string in all files <A-o>: inquire/change OPTIONS <A-q>: file timestamp filter selection <A-t>: inquire/change/create TARGET directory <A-v>: change/create VOLUME label <A-w>: change WORKING directory/file selection <^w>: "Where's That File?" search for WORKING directory <A-x>: eXCHANGE working & target directories <A-number>: tag file for TAB expansion when copied <A-equal>: Set EDDY's internal timestamp = current file's date & time <A-minus>: Undo the effect of a preceding <A-equal> <=>: Set file timestamp = EDDY's internal timestamp or DOS date & time <+>: Toggle file attribute ON/OFF <Esc>: return to preceding mode (or QUIT, if held down) Additional commands are available in LOOK, PATCH and FIND modes. See Sections 8.2, 9 and 17, respectively, for more information. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 11 3. EDDY's DOS Command Line When EDDY is executed without any options, paths or filenames given on the DOS command line, the current default drive and directory path are used. The command line format is: EDDY [/option...] [work] [target] [+attribute...] ["timestamp"] (The brackets - "[" and "]" - are not part of the format, and should not be typed on the command line) All parameters are optional. The last two parameters, "attribute" and "timestamp", are for use in selecting files to be displayed by criteria other than paths and filenames with wildcards. Full explanations of these are given in Section 18. If you enter a DOS command line in the wrong format, EDDY will display the format description line shown above, with an arrow under the parameter in error. 3.1 Path Specifications On the command line, [work] defines the working directory, in normal DOS format, just as used with the DIR command (d:\path\filename.ext). Wild card characters are supported. If no filename is given, *.* is assumed. Paths may be specified using either "\" or "/", as you prefer. Similarly, ";" is treated as ":", on the assumption that you forgot to <Shift>. [target] defines the target directory, to receive any files copied or moved. No filenames are allowed in the [target] specification. For example, "EDDY . c:" would display all files in the current default directory, and any files copied or moved would go to the current directory of drive "c:". If you enter an unambiguous filename - i.e., no wildcards - EDDY will go straight into LOOK mode for that file. When you exit LOOK, the working directory will be "*.*". (After going to LOOK in this way, you may notice that your disk's "busy" light comes on for a bit. Not to worry! EDDY is using the time between keystrokes to build the "*.*" display, to be ready when you exit from LOOK.) For example, "EDDY c:\testdir\abc" would display all files in subdirectory "\abc" or, if there is no such subdirectory, display the contents of file "abc" in the "testdir" subdirectory. Working and target directories may be changed during execution, as explained in Section 5. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 12 3.2 Options Options are parameters given to EDDY on the DOS command line, as with normal DOS commands, - e.g., "EDDY/A/K" tells EDDY to use options "A" and "K" - or during execution of EDDY, by pressing <A-o>. Options, if any, must be first, before any path or other specifications. EDDY has two types of options - letters and numbers. Letter options can have only two states: they are either ON or OFF, and they can generally be changed during execution of EDDY. Number options are used only from the DOS command line, to provide initial values to set EDDY's start-up state. If your version of DOS supports "switch" characters other than "/" for command line parameters (options), EDDY will accept whatever character you use with your system (e.g., "-" is preferred by some users). 3.2.1 Letter Options - <A-o> You may change option settings (except option /R) at any time. Press <A-o> to display the current settings. While this display is on the screen, pressing any of the option letters toggles the option setting between ON and OFF. When the settings are the way you want them, press <Enter>. Pressing <*> resets the options to the values they had when EDDY started: i.e., the default values, as modified by any options you used on the command line. The available letter options are: /A - Do not change the file archive (modify) attribute when copying or moving files. Default is to always set this attribute on in the new copy, and to turn it off in the original whenever the working directory is a hard disk (except remote "network" disks) and the target is a floppy. /B - Turn off the "beep" that normally sounds for errors or warnings. /C - Do not change the cursor size. Default is to use a larger cursor in EDIT mode, a full-height cursor in PATCH mode, and set it to a two-pixel high underline at exit. If you start EDDY with this option OFF, and then turn it on, EDDY will not reset the cursor at exit. If you use option /E as well as /C, /C has no effect - i.e., the cursor will be changed. /D - Include directory sizes in the display. Disk space used by subdirec- tories is normally not included in the EDIT mode display. With option /D ON, all such space will be accounted for. However, gathering the infor- mation is VERY time-consuming, particularly on lower-speed hardware, so you may wish to use it only if it is really important to you. Option /D has no effect on remote drives, nor on disks larger than 32 MB. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 13 /E - Set EGA or VGA monitor to use "extra-line" text display mode (43 or 50 lines). If the monitor is already in extra-line mode when EDDY starts, the option display window - <A-o> - will show /E is ON. If you change /E while in EDDY, the display mode will change immediately, and the first page of the working directory will be displayed. If your monitor is neither EGA nor VGA, /E has no effect. If you were also using option /C, that option is turned OFF when /E changes. /F - Turn on filename editing (i.e., renaming). When /F is ON, files may be renamed by typing the new filename over the old. With option /F turned OFF, typing a character in the filename field causes the cursor to move to the first file with a matching name. The matching is done from the first character of the filename up to and including the character just typed. With option /F turned OFF, pressing <Ins> in EDIT mode turns renaming ON for that file only, until the cursor moves to another line. When option /F is ON (file renaming enabled), a "." appears between the filename and extension fields. If it is ON for only the current file (i.e., you pressed <Ins>), then only that file's display has the ".". /K - Some error and status messages are displayed briefly (about 3 seconds) and then disappear. If you would rather have the messages remain until you press a key (any key), use this option. In this case, if the key you press is one of EDDY's command keys, the command will be executed. /M - Monochrome monitor. Useful with mono monitor + Color Graphics Adapter, and with some laptops' screens. Other equipment combinations do not need this option, although it will toggle between color and mono displays on any color monitor. /P - Play with RAM. With this option turned ON, EDDY treats the PC's memory as a file, which you may LOOK at, FIND strings in, PATCH or COPY. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 14 /R - Reserve minimum memory. Default is to expand to 170K, if there is that much available. A maximum of 96K will be used if this option is turned on. Using this option means that fewer files can be accommodated (currently, around 115), and a smaller I/O buffer will be used, which means slower copying and moving...UNLESS you have LIM/EMS expanded memory. Expanded memory will be used if available, and the buffers will be full size. See Appendix B for more information on how EDDY uses available memory. /T - Changes the scope of the <Ctrl>-shifted commands. Normally, these commands affect all files from the top of the display (i.e., the first file) downward. If you want EDDY to start from the current cursor position (ignoring files higher up in the display), use /T. /W - Set "Where's That File?" searching; move to next directory that has a file which matches the current file spec and any timestamp and/or attribute filter that may be in effect. Search from current directory downward in the directory tree. This option can be set by the user ONLY from the DOS command line. It is set internally by EDDY when the <^w> command is used. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 15 3.2.2 Number Options /0 - Execute in "customize" mode, to create a copy of EDDY with various features tailored to your preference. This is explained in detail in Section 24. /9nn - EDDY determines the number of lines per screen from a byte in memory that is set by the standard PC BIOS. Some versions of MS-DOS apparently don't maintain this byte correctly for some monitors. If this seems to be your situation (i.e., EDDY doesn't use all the lines your screen can handle), try using this option, with "nn" set to a number from 25 through 66. Using a number greater than the monitor can handle has unpredictable results. This option should not be used with EGA or VGA monitors. Screen height is adjusted with these monitors by using Option /E. Other number options are provided to allow specification from the command line of settings that are not the normal defaults for the way you use EDDY, or to initiate batch mode operations (see Section 20). /1x - Override the normal startup display sequence. "x" must be one of the sort sequence codes defined in Section 1.2.1. If "x" is a capital letter, the sequence will be in ascending order; if lowercase, in descending order. /2xxxxxx - Override the normal COPY/MOVE/DELETE Control settings, as described in Section 10. From 1 to 6 "x"s may be used. Each "x" must be "c", "y" or "n" except "c" is invalid for the sixth one. Either case is O.K. /5, /6, /7, /8 - These options correspond to the keys <^F5>, <^F6>, <^F7> and <S-^F7> (COPY, MOVE, DELETE and DESTROY all files). Only one of these options may be used at a time. When any of these are used, the corresponding command is carried out in batch mode. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 16 3.3 Other Command Line Parameters Two other parameters may be entered on the command line: an "attribute filter" specification and/or a "timestamp filter" specification. These specifications are used to select files for display based on their file attributes - hidden, directory, etc. - or date and time. They are explained in detail in Sections 18.1.1 and 18.2.1, respectively. 4. Editing Directory Entries To select a file for editing, move the cursor to the line of the display for that file. The line with the cursor will be highlighted, and the corresponding file becomes the "current file". Editing is then done by simply typing the new information over the old on the screen. The cursor will skip over fields which can't be edited, such as file size. If you try to enter data which is not valid (e.g., letters in a date or time field), EDDY will "beep" at you and ignore the entry. It is possible to enter combinations of characters which result in invalid data in a field. For example, "02" is a valid month and "31" is a valid day, but together they are an invalid date. EDDY catches errors of this type whenever you try to move the cursor off of the current file. EDDY "beeps" and puts the cursor on the field where the error was detected. When any editing has been done, an "*" will appear at the right end of the line to indicate that changes have been made to that file. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 17 4.1 Selecting a File There are two ways to move to the file you are interested in: by using the normal cursor control keys (<Up>, <Down>, etc.), or directly, by typing the name of the file (with option /F turned OFF). With the cursor in the filename field, typing any character that's valid for a filename is a signal to EDDY to move the cursor to the first entry in the display with a filename that matches. Matching is done from the first char- acter of the current filename up to and including the character just typed. For example, consider the display of Figure 1-1. If you were positioned on the "WOMBAT" entry, with the cursor on the "W", and you typed "E", the cursor would move to the "EDDY" entry, with the cursor on the first "D". If you then typed "R", it would move to "ERROUT.ASM", on the second "R". Direct selection is disabled when option /F is ON. 4.2 Renaming Files Turn on option /F (explained in Section 3.2) if you want to rename files. If this method is used, direct file selection, as described above, is disabled; typing over the filename field renames the file. To rename a file without disabling direct file selection, first press <Ins>. This turns on /F only while the cursor remains on the current line; as soon as it moves to a new line, /F is reset. To rename a file, type the new name over the old on the screen. A "*" will appear to the right of the extension, to remind you that a change has been made. The file will be renamed on disk when you enter UPDATE mode. Any valid characters for filenames may be entered, including spaces (except the first character may not be a space). Valid characters are any in the range 20h through 7Eh, except for the following: [ . " / \ : | < > + = ; , ] Lower case letters are converted to upper case by DOS. You can rename files with EDDY so that they can't be used with normal DOS commands, by using names containing embedded blanks. When you rename a file, its display may no longer be in the correct place in the list, if the current display is sorted by name ("seq=N") or extension ("seq=E"). If you want to get the file's display sorted to its proper spot, just press the key for the sequence you want. (This may be the same as or different from the sequence already in use, as indicated on the last line.) If you try to rename a file so that it is the same as an existing file or subdirectory in your working directory, EDDY will "beep" and put the cursor in the file name field. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 18 4.3 Changing Date and Time Dates are displayed in month/day/year format, and times are displayed based on a 12-hour clock with an "a" or "p" to show a.m. or p.m. Only valid month/day/year combinations may be entered. Hours in the range 01 to 12 are accepted; minutes and seconds must be less than 60. Seconds may be set only to even numbers (a DOS limitation). EDDY maintains an internal timestamp. EDDY's timestamp is either the current DOS date and time, or a date and time which has been set by pressing <A-equal>. Pressing <A-equal> freezes EDDY's timestamp at the date and time of the current file or directory until is changed by another <A-equal>. Pressing <=> puts EDDY's timestamp on the file if <A-equal> has been pressed previously; if not, the current DOS date and time is used. <A-minus> undoes the effect of a previous <A-equal>. When a change has been made to the date or time, an asterisk will appear in the line to the right of the field changed. 4.4 Changing File Attributes Attribute bit settings are displayed under the heading "RHYDAS", indicating R)EAD-ONLY, H)IDDEN, SY)STEM, D)IRECTORY, A)RCHIVE and S)HARED file attributes, respectively. A "y" indicates the attribute is on for this file; "n" means it is off. The attribute bit settings may be changed by typing the new value over the old, except the "directory" and "shared" attributes can't be changed. When you type a "y" or "n" in an attribute field, the cursor moves right, to the next attribute that can be changed. This can be annoying if what you want is to change attributes on a series of files (e.g., removing read-only attributes). So, a second way of changing the attributes is provided: press <+> to toggle the attribute ON/OFF (y/n) without moving the cursor. When a change has been made to an attribute bit, that attribute will be dis- played as a capital letter instead of the normal, lower case display. You can also change an attribute for all files in the working directory with a single command. Move the cursor to the column of the attribute you want to change (the line the cursor is on doesn't matter unless option /T is ON) and press <^y> or <^n>. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 19 5. Moving to a New Directory EDDY can change working directory and/or target directory at any time. These may be on the same or different disks. You may specify the full path including drive and/or root, a partial path and EDDY will interpret it relative to the current working or target directory, as appropriate. If your entry includes a drive and root (e.g., "C:\WORK"), EDDY will use the specification exactly as you enter it. If you enter only a drive (e.g., "C:"), the default directory for that drive will become the new (working or target) directory. If the current default is anything other than the root, it will be displayed before it is used. When typing a path, you may use <Ins> and <Del> to change what you have typed. 5.1 Working Directory - <A-w> The working directory is initially set from the command line. It may be changed by pressing <A-w> and entering the new path, according to the rules described above. A file specification may be entered, either with or without a path. If you enter only a file specification (e.g., "*.BAT"), that file specification will be used with the current working directory. EDDY tries to use your specification as a path. If no such path can be found, what you have entered is used as a file specification. If you start the name with a "\", EDDY interprets this as a directory path starting from the root of the current working directory's drive. If there's no initial "\", EDDY appends the name you provide to the end of the current working directory path string, and uses that as the new directory. For example: suppose your current working directory is C:\UTIL and the DOS default on drive D: is D:\WORK. Then, after pressing <A-w>, if you type... "\" or ".."the new working directory will be C:\ "\FOO" the new working directory will be C:\FOO "FOO" (or "C:FOO") the new working directory will be C:\UTIL\FOO "D: the new working directory will be D:\WORK "D:FOO" the new working directory will be D:\WORK\FOO Also see Section 5.5 if you work with "SUBST"ed drives. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 20 If you change your working directory to the same as your target directory, the target directory specification in EDDY will be set to "no target". If you then enter a COPY or MOVE command, EDDY will ask you for a new target. Changing directories with <A-w> turns off option /W if it is on. For other ways to change directories, see Sections 5.3 (Exchange Working & Target Directories), 5.4 (Where's That File?) and 8.1 (LOOK at Directory). If your working directory is on a diskette, and you change diskettes, just press any of the "sort" keys (but not the "invert" key - <A-i>) to display the directory of the new diskette. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 21 5.2 Target Directory - <A-t> The target directory will receive all copies or moves. It may be specified on the command line when EDDY is started, or at any time during execution. To check the target directory setting, press <A-t>. EDDY will display the current drive and path (or tell you that there is no current target) and allow you to change the target directory if you wish. If you don't want to enter a new target directory after pressing <A-t>, press <Esc>. The target directory will remain unchanged. No file specification may be used in the target directory path specification; only a drive and path are allowed. The target directory cannot be set the same as the working directory. Partial path specifications are interpreted exactly as described above, for working directories, if there is no current target. If there is a target, partial paths are interpreted relative to it. If you start the name with a "\", EDDY interprets this as a directory path starting from the root of the current target directory's drive. If there's no initial "\", EDDY appends the name you provide to the end of the current target directory path string, and uses that as the new directory. For example: suppose your current target directory is C:\TGT and the DOS default on drive D: is D:\EASY. Then, after pressing <A-t>, if you type... "\" or ".."the new target directory will be C:\ "\MONEY" the new target directory will be C:\MONEY "MONEY" (or "C:MONEY") the new target directory will be C:\TGT\MONEY "D: the new target directory will be D:\EASY "D:MONEY" the new target directory will be D:\EASY\MONEY If you enter a target directory name that doesn't exist after pressing <Alt-t> or <Alt-x>, EDDY will normally ask if you want to create a new directory. However, if any parts of the path preceding the name of the directory are also invalid, you will just get an error message. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 22 5.3 Exchange Working & Target Directories - <A-x> To exchange the current working and target directories, press <A-x> (This turns off option /W if it is on. When you exchange, EDDY will "remember" your current file, and will return the cursor to that file if you later exchange back (with no intervening changes of directory). 5.4 Where's That File? - Option /W and <^w> To find the directory (or directories) a file is in, use option /W from the command line and/or the <^w> command within EDDY. From the command line, using option /W causes EDDY to search the disk for matching files, starting with the given working directory and continuing downward in the directory tree. The directories are searched in "unsorted" sequence; i.e., the order they actually are stored on your disk. The working directory which will be displayed is the first one found which has matching files. If there is no match, you'll get "File not found". Pressing <^w> when option /W is off turns /W on, and EDDY then searches from the current directory downward in the tree for a directory with one or more files matching the current file, attribute and/or timestamp specifications. If found, that directory becomes the new working directory. If there are no matches, you'll get "File not found", and /W will be turned off. Pressing <^w> when option /W is on causes EDDY to search the directory tree for the next directory, relative to the directory which was current when you first pressed <^w>, which contains matching files. Using <^w> again will display the next directory, if any, which has matching files. Changing directory by pressing <F3>, <A-w> or <A-x> turns off option /W. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 23 5.5 Working With "SUBST"ed Directories EDDY can switch freely between SUBST'ed drives and subdirectories and their un-SUBST'ed, fully expanded path equivalents. 5.5.1 From the Command Line Suppose your current DOS default drive is actually SUBST'ed, and you are in the highest level directory of that SUBST'ed drive (i.e., what is effectively the "root" directory for that drive). In this case, if you specify either the working or target directory as "..", the true drive and path will be used. For example, if you have earlier used the DOS command "SUBST X: C:\FOO\BAR" and your current default drive is "X:", using ".." will be interpreted by EDDY as "C:\FOO". If your current default is "X:\WORK", EDDY would inter- pret ".." the same way DOS does - i.e., "X:\". 5.5.2 Interactively Once EDDY is executing, if you change directories as described in Sections 5.1 - 5.3, or by using <F3> as described in Section 8.1, you have even more flexibility with SUBST'ed drives. Using ".." works the same as it does on the command line, as described in the preceding section. However, "." used from within EDDY is interpreted as the un-SUBST'ed, fully expanded path string. Thus, using the example in the preceding section, if your current working directory is "X:\WORK" and you use ".", EDDY will interpret this as "C:\FOO\BAR\WORK". This is only a change in the way the directory is referenced; it is the same physical directory no matter which string is used to refer to it. Therefore, the display of files, bytes used, etc., will not be affected. 5.5.3 What d'ya mean, "Too long"? A situation which can be puzzling (some users have reported it as a bug) is: when you have a path with a long chain of subdirectories, EDDY may refuse to move to a directory, giving the message "Path name too long". This means DOS can't get to the directory, even though it's there. This can happen if you rename a directory with a name longer than the original, and the resul= ting path is longer than 64 bytes. It can be even more obscure if you are using a SUBST'ed disk, so that the path doesn't look too long; however, DOS uses the total effective length, after expanding the SUBST path. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 24 6. HELP Command - <F1> When you have a choice to make as to how you want EDDY to proceed, you can get relevant HELP information by pressing <F1>. The HELP screen you get will be different, depending on what you were doing when you pressed <F1>. Once you are in HELP mode, you may view other HELP screens. Pressing <F1> while in HELP displays the menu of available topics. You may select from the menu, or press <PgUp> or <PgDn> to view the screens sequentially. For the HELP function to operate, EDDY must be able to find the file "EDDYHELP.COM". EDDY can find it in any of the following directories: - A directory which is mentioned in your DOS PATH statement - The current working directory - The directory from which you executed EDDY (if you have DOS 3.0 or higher) The initial HELP display, which appears when you type just "EDDY" with nothing else on the command line, is disabled when you use a customized copy of EDDY (see Section 24). However, if EDDY finds he's running a customized copy on a machine that appears to be different from the one where the customizing was done, the initial HELP is re-enabled. EDDY loads the HELP module only in response to an <F1> keypress, and enough memory must be available for it to execute (around 50K). See Appendix B for more information on EDDY's use of available memory. 7. UNDO Command - <F2>, <^F2> Any changes requested may be "Undone" as long as they have not yet been written to disk by entering UPDATE mode. To undo changes on the current file, press <F2>. To undo all changes requested for all files, press <^F2>. 8. LOOK Command - <F3>, <^F3> LOOK has three variations, depending upon the line the cursor is on. If the current line has a subdirectory name, the request is interpreted as "display the contents of this subdirectory". For normal files, LOOK means "display the contents of this file". If the "Drive X: is..." heading line is under the cursor, LOOK means "treat the entire disk as a file, and display it". 8.1 LOOK at Subdirectory When you LOOK at a subdirectory, you change EDDY's working directory. To do this, move the cursor to the display line of the directory you want to LOOK at and press <F3>. Changing directories with <F3> turns off option /W if it is on. For other ways to change the working directory, see Section 5. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 25 Figure 8-1 might have been reached from the display in Figure 1-1, as follows: 1) turn on option /P, to get " memory" in the display; 2) move cursor to the subdirectory "EDDY", and press <F3>; 3) in the resulting display (not shown), move cursor to "MACROS" line and press <F3> again. ================================================================================ filename.ext size date time RHYDAS DIR of A:\EDDY\MACROS\*.* Drive A: is EDDY 7 files, 7168 bytes 2048 bytes free . <DIR> 11/16/86 8:45:00a nnnynn .. <DIR> 1/25/87 12:52:02p nnnynn DOS MAC 319 8/25/86 8:43:36p nnnnyn KEYBD MAC 621 1/21/87 1:15:14a nnnnyn MISC MAC 1607 1/21/87 3:49:18p nnnnyn OPCODES MAC 1448 2/04/87 7:54:22p nnnnyn VIDEO MAC 711 1/21/87 1:38:48a nnnnyn memory 655360 7/11/88 8:55:00p . . . -EDIT- seq=N <Enter> to UPDATE F1:HELP F2:UNDO F3:LOOK F5:COPY F7:DEL F10:QUIT ================================================================================ Figure 8-1 To go to the parent directory of the working directory, move the cursor to the line containing ".." and press <F3>. In our example, this would get the display of "A:\EDDY\*.*". To return to the display of Figure 1-1, use <F3> on the ".." line again. Using <F3> to change directories turns off option /W if it is on. If you move to a new working directory with changes pending (renames, copies, etc., which have not been through an UPDATE), the changes will be discarded - in effect, Undone. If there are pending changes, EDDY will warn you and ask for confirmation before moving to the new directory. Also see Section 5.5 if you work with "SUBST"ed drives. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 26 8.2 LOOK at File Contents (in Working Directory) To LOOK at the data contained in the current file, press <F3>. <^F3> LOOKs at the data in ALL files in the directory, one at a time. Pressing <Esc>, or pressing <F3> a second time, returns you to EDIT mode. See Appendix B for information on EDDY's use of memory with LOOK mode. 8.2.1 LOOK Mode Commands a. Hex/ASCII Format Control - <Tab>, <S-Tab> EDDY examines the first 512 bytes in the file and displays in ASCII or hex format, depending on the data. ASCII is used if at least 80% of the first 512 bytes are printable (20h - 7Eh) or control characters - CR, LF, FF, TAB - and there is at least one CR or LF. Otherwise, hex is used. <Tab> toggles the display between ASCII and hex formats. If you don't like that key, press <S-Tab>. EDDY will ask you to press the key you want to use as a toggle. Any function key or Alt-shifted key that doesn't conflict with other LOOK, PATCH or FIND mode usage is acceptable. E.g., <F9> and <F12> are OK, but <F1> (the "HELP" key) is not; <A-h> is OK, but <A-b> (used for bit-stripping) isn't. If <Tab> is not used to toggle, it may be used in PATCH and FIND to enter TAB characters directly. (See Sections 9 and 17). b. Printing a File - <A-p> Pressing <A-p> prints the file currently displayed. Printing begins with the line at the top of the screen, and continues until a key is pressed. With a non-ASCII file, it's probably a good idea to ensure it's "printable", by pressing before <A-p>. See Section 8.2.5a for more on this. Pressing <A-S-p> sends a formfeed to the printer, but doesn't print the file. c. EGA/VGA Screen Control - <e> If you have an EGA (or VGA) monitor, you may switch between 25 lines per screen and 43 (or 50) lines by pressing <e>. This is the same as turning option /E ON or OFF (see Section 3.2.1). 8.2.2 ASCII Format Display In ASCII format, a new line is initiated when either a CR or LF is encountered (but a CRLF pair only counts as one line). The line number of the line at the top of the screen is shown on the status line at the bottom of the screen. The highest line number EDDY can display is 65535. The "arrow" (and related) keys work a little differently in LOOK mode. The display may be thought of as a "window" which can be moved around to view various parts of a file, while the file itself does not move. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 27 The keys used to move the display window around in ASCII format are: <Up> - move up 1 line <PgUp> - up 1 page <Down> - move down 1 line <PgDn> - down 1 page <^Home> - first page <^End> - last page <Left> - left 1 column <Right> - right 1 column <S-t> (<T>) - tab left 20 columns <t> - tab right 20 columns <^Left> - left edge (col. 1) <^Right> - right edge (last column) <^PgDn> - auto-scroll down <^PgUp> - auto-scroll up <PgUp> and <PgDn> move a screen at a time, overlapping the previous screen by one line. When paging in ASCII format through a long non-text file, EDDY may spend a lot of time looking for CRs and LFs that aren't there. If EDDY appears to be "hung up" after a <PgUp> or <PgDn>, press <BS> to interrupt the processing and display the file from wherever EDDY has read to thus far. Auto-scroll moves the display up or down continuously, without further key presses. It is started by <^PgDn> or <^PgUp>. Pressing the same key again speeds up the scrolling; pressing the opposite one slows it down. Any other key stops auto-scroll. 8.2.3 ASCII Format Commands a. TAB Expansion - <0> thru <8> / <A-0> thru <A-8> TABs expand to 8-character boundaries as a default. You may change the TAB expansion by pressing <0>, <1>,...,<8>. TABs will then expand to the boundary you have selected. If you press <0>, TAB characters will be shown as "blobs" on the screen, and no expansion will be done. The default setting is used with each new entry to LOOK. You can change the default setting by pressing <A-0>, <A-1>,...,<A-8>. The current TAB expansion factor is shown at the bottom of the screen. If this is also the default, it will be indicated by an "=" (e.g., "tab=8"); if it is a temporary setting, a ":" will be used (e.g., "tab:4"). b. Bit Stripping - / <A-b> With files that have lots of high-order bits set (e.g., WordStar) to obscure the real meanings of the characters, try bit-stripping. Pressing causes EDDY to clear the high-order bit before the characters are displayed. Press again to toggle the bit-stripping action. Bit-stripping is normally OFF when you enter LOOK mode, and "bits=8" will be shown on the bottom line. The "=" means the displayed value is the default, which will be reset at each entry to LOOK. If you press , you will see the display "bits:7". This means that only the low-order 7 bits are used from each byte for building the display, and the ":" indicates that this is a temporary state, in effect only until you exit LOOK mode. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 28 To change the default state for bit-stripping, press <A-b>. If you use (or <A-b>) after the first line of the file, EDDY loses track of the line number. To indicate this, the bottom line shows "line:?". Returning to the top of the file restores the line number synchronization. c. Ruler Line Display - <r> / / <d> To determine what position a particular character in the display occupies in its line, press <r>. You will see a line similar to this one: 21 ++++++^+++++++++^+++++++++^+++++++++^+++++++++^+++++++++^+++++++++^++++++ The number at the left is the column number in the file of the character shown in column 1 of the screen. The "^" characters mark the columns which are even multiples of 10 in the FILE (not necessarily the same as columns on the screen). In this example, which is what you might see after a <t>, the "^"s mark columns 30, 40, etc. The ruler is moved up or down by pressing or <d>, respectively. d. Jump to New Line - <j> You may move directly to any line in the file by pressing <j>, and then typing the line number you are interested in. If you type a number larger than any in the file, you'll get a display of the last few lines. After pressing <j>, you'll see a field of 5 zeros, where you may enter the line number to which you want to jump. The cursor starts in the second digit of this field, on the assumption that line numbers entered will most frequently be 9999 or less. However, you may use all 5 positions if needed for larger line numbers. Line numbers larger than 65,535 are not supported. e. Line Wrapping - <l> / <A-l> Line wrapping means all lines are "broken" if they are longer than 80 characters, with the remainder appearing on the next line of the screen. Thus, the whole line is visible on the screen at once. <l> is a toggle key which turns line wrapping alternately ON and OFF. Line wrapping normally defaults to OFF on entering LOOK mode. In this case, you would see the string "line=1" at the bottom of the display, which tells you that line wrapping is OFF (the first character is "l"), this is the default state for the toggle (the "=" sign) and we are at the first line of the file. If you press <l> to turn line wrapping ON, a broken vertical line (the DOS "piping" symbol) replaces the "l" in "line", and the string displayed would be "|ine:1". The ":" shows that ON is a temporary state. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 29 To change the default state for line-wrapping, press <A-l>. Even though the lines are wrapped on the screen, EDDY still works with complete logical lines, as determined by the presence of CR/LF characters. When you move the display up or down, a line at a time or by paging, the display moves in units of complete logical lines. The display will always begin at the start of a logical line (except in some cases when toggling between ASCII and hex formats). Movement of the display up or down is based on the line at the top of the screen. 8.2.4 Hex Format Display An example of a hex format display appears below (Figure 8-2). The number under the heading "Offset" is the number of bytes from the start of the file, in hex. Next comes the hex value of the data, followed by the equivalent characters, under the "ASCII" heading. ================================================================================ Offset 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07-08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F ASCII P 00000000 E9 ED 0E F5 01 9B 06 B3 A4 23 2A 38 6C 38 0B 1B im.u...3$#*8l8.. 00000010 1E 1E 43 59 43 43 4E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 46 09 ..CYCCN.......F. 00000020 00 00 41 42 43 44 45 46 49 4B 4D 50 52 54 57 03 ..ABCDEFIKMPRTW. 00000030 4E 06 00 00 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F N...???????????? 00000040 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F ???????????????? 00000050 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F ???????????????? 00000060 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F ???????????????? 00000070 3F 3F 3F 3F D5 CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD ????UMMMMMMMMMMM 00000080 CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 00000090 CD CD B8 0A 24 B3 20 54 48 41 4E 4B 20 59 4F 55 MM8.$3 THANK YOU 000000A0 20 66 6F 72 20 75 73 69 6E 67 20 45 44 44 59 28 for using EDDY( 000000B0 74 6D 29 B3 0A 24 B3 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 tm)3.$3 000000C0 76 65 72 73 69 6F 6E 20 35 2E 30 31 20 20 20 20 version 5.01 000000D0 20 20 20 20 B3 0A 24 B3 20 20 20 43 6F 70 79 72 3.$3 Copyr 000000E0 69 67 68 74 28 43 29 20 31 39 38 37 2C 38 38 2C ight(C) 1987,88, 000000F0 38 39 20 20 20 B3 0A 24 B3 20 62 79 20 4A 6F 68 89 3.$3 by Joh 00000100 6E 20 53 63 6F 66 69 65 6C 64 2C 20 42 6F 78 20 n Scofield, Box 00000110 34 37 31 33 36 20 B3 0A 24 B3 4D 6F 72 72 69 73 47136 3.$3Morris 00000120 6F 6E 20 48 69 6C 6C 20 50 2E 4F 2E 2C 20 48 6F on Hill P.O., Ho 00000130 6E 67 20 4B 6F 6E 67 B3 0A 24 B3 20 20 20 20 20 ng Kong3.$3 00000140 41 6C 6C 20 72 69 67 68 74 73 20 72 65 73 65 72 All rights reser -LOOK- <Esc> to EDIT file: EDDY.COM F1:HELP F4:PATCH F10:QUIT ================================================================================ Figure 8-2 EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 30 8.2.5 Hex Format Commands The keys used in LOOK mode to move around in the hex-format display are: <Up> - move up 1 line <PgUp> - up 1 page <Down> - move down 1 line <PgDn> - down 1 page <^Home> - display first page <^End> - display last page <^PgDn> - auto-scroll down <^PgUp> - auto-scroll up Additional commands are available in hex format are described below. a. Printability - Normally, the characters under the "ASCII" heading are the exact equivalents of the hex data. However, many of the characters corresponding to the hex values in the ranges 00h - 1Fh and 7Fh - 9Fh are interpreted as printer commands by most printers. An attempt to use the DOS <Shift>-<PrtSc> function on a screen containing these characters will result in an assortment of form feeds, font changes, carriage returns, etc., rather than the screen print desired. EDDY provides an option to accommodate screen printing of hex displays. If you press , telling EDDY to format the screen for printing, the characters in the troublesome ranges will be replaced by periods, and all high-order bits will be turned off. The hex data part of the display is unchanged. When is pressed, a blinking letter "P" appears at the right end of line 1 to remind you that "printability" is turned on. is a toggle key, and turns printability alternately on and off. The example in Figure 8-2 has printability selected. b. Bit Stripping - / <A-b> Bit stripping in hex format works as described in 8.2.3b, above, but affects only the ASCII portion of the display. The actual character present in the file, with no bits stripped, is shown in the hex portion of the display. c. Jump to New File Position - <j> You may move directly to any position in the file by pressing <j> and then typing the 8-digit hex offset which you are interested in. If you type too large a value, you'll get a display of the last few lines of the file. If you jump with the display in hex format, EDDY loses track of the line no. (but you get there faster). EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 31 d. Word-oriented Display - <w>, <W> When LOOKing at a file in hex format, you may select the hex portion of the display to be in words (as opposed to the normal bytes) by pressing <w>. If you want to see the words in inverted order (high-order byte first), press <W>. Press the same key again to return to the normal byte display. If you want the word display to start with the odd-numbered bytes, press <t>. Press <t> again to revert to even byte orientation. When displaying inverted words, the heading at the top of the display shows the inverted sequence of bytes. 8.3 LOOK at File Contents (in Target Directory) - <A-F3> If there is a file in the target directory with the same name as the current file, the contents may be LOOKed at by pressing <A-F3>. If there is no target directory, or there is no file with that name, you will be informed. Otherwise, you will see a display identical to that described above, and all the LOOK mode commands will work the same way. When the file displayed is from the target directory, a "T" is shown on the last line in column 7, thus: . . . 000000F0 65 63 74 6F 72 79 20 45 64 69 74 6F 72 20 20 B3 ectory Editor | 00000100 24 B3 20 20 20 43 6F 70 79 72 69 67 68 74 20 28 $| Copyright ( 00000110 43 29 20 31 39 38 37 2C 31 39 38 38 20 20 20 B3 C) 1987,1988 | 00000120 24 B3 20 62 79 20 4A 6F 68 6E 20 53 63 6F 66 69 $| by John Scofi 00000130 65 6C 64 2C 20 42 6F 78 20 34 37 31 33 36 20 B3 eld, Box 47136 | 00000140 24 B3 4D 6F 72 72 69 73 6F 6E 20 48 69 6C 6C 20 $|Morrison Hill -LOOK-T <Esc> to EDIT file: EDDY.COM F1:HELP F4:PATCH F10:QUIT ================================================================================ 8.4 Compare Directory Entries - <S-F3>, <S-^F3> To compare the directory entries of corresponding files in the working and target directories, press <S-F3>. Press <Ctrl>, <Shift> and <F3> simultaneously to compare working and target directory entries (one at a time) of all files in the working directory. After each comparison, the result is displayed and EDDY waits for a key to be pressed before proceeding to the next comparison. <BackSpace> terminates a <S-^F3>. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 32 8.5 Compare Files - <A-S-F3> Press <Alt>, <Shift> and <F3> simultaneously to compare the contents of the current file with those of the corresponding file (i.e., same filename) in the target directory. The files may be in any format. EDDY will tell you whether the file contents are identical or not. The offset in the file where bytes do not match (if any) will be displayed. If the files are different lengths, the comparison will still be done. This allows you to determine, for example, whether the files are identical at least up to the length of the shorter one. Successive <A-S-F3>'s on the same file will tell you the next byte where a difference exists. If there are no more differences, EDDY will tell you that. (On files of different lengths, if the only difference is the extra bytes in the longer one, only the first difference will be reported.) 8.6 LOOK at RAM (or ROM, or ???) You may LOOK at your PC's memory (if option /P is ON) by moving to the " memory" entry and then pressing <F3>. RAM contents will be displayed in hex format, from 0000:0000 up to the limit of installed RAM. EDDY bases it's assumption about RAM size on the value in memory at 0040:0013 - 0040:0014h at the time EDDY begins executing. If your system has 640K, for example, you will see "80 02" in these locations. EDDY refreshes the display constantly between keystrokes, so you can watch various locations in RAM as they change; e.g., the BIOS timer count at 0000:046Ch, the diskette motor counter at 0000:0440h, or the keyboard buffer and related data starting at 0000:0417h. (Not true for Color Graphics Adapters - too much screen "flicker". See Section 24.3.3 if you have a CGA) It's sometimes interesting to look at other parts of the PC address space, such as ROMs and display memory. For example, if you press <j> and then enter an offset of "F000:FFFF", you will see the end of the BIOS ROM, which usually has the copyright notice. One curiosity you may encounter: When accessing addresses that actually have no physical memory equivalent, EDDY will normally show hex "FF" in all bytes; however, occasional scattered bytes with other values will sometimes appear. If you try to go back to display those bytes after they have been scrolled off the screen, they often have changed value or even disappeared. This does not appear to be a bug in EDDY. Similar behaviour occurs with DEBUG, SYMDEB and Turbo Debugger when they are used to look at high memory. 8.7 LOOK at Entire Disk You may also LOOK at an entire physical disk, regardless of file locations or extents. This is explained in detail in Section 21.1. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 33 9. PATCH Command - <F4>, <^F4> Normally, you will use LOOK or FIND before PATCH, in order to locate the place in the file to PATCH. Once you have found it, press <F4>. If you want to PATCH every file in the directory (one at a time), press <^F4>. Pressing <Esc>, or pressing <F4> a second time, returns you to LOOK mode. See Appendix B for information on EDDY's use of memory with PATCH mode. The PATCH mode display is similar to the LOOK mode hex format display with "printability" turned off. It has two cursors - one in the hex part of the display and one in the ASCII part. These cursors move in unison, to facilitate matching corresponding bytes in the two parts of the display. One of the cursors will be blinking, the other not. The blinking cursor shows where you may enter changes to the data. <Tab> toggles between hex and ASCII data entry formats. (If you don't like <Tab> for this purpose, see Section 8.2.1. If <Tab> is not the toggle key, it can be used to enter TAB - 09h - bytes directly in ASCII format). In ASCII data entry format, the cursor in the text part of the display blinks and the hex cursor does not. The hex cursor also expands to cover two hex digits, since entering a single text character affects both digits. In either format, as you enter data in one part of the display the corresponding data in the other part is updated and displayed accordingly. Also, any data changed remains highlighted (reverse video) in the display. You can move the cursors to the place where you want to change data by using the "arrow" keys - <Left>, <Right>, <Up> and <Down> - and <Home> and <End>. Changes can be made to only one screen at a time. You can UNDO changes with <F2>, as in EDIT mode. Similarly, once you have UPDATEd, those changes cannot be undone. 9.1 Changing a File's Length You may add bytes at the end of a file, using <A-z>. You may also use <A-y> if you want to delete bytes, either from the beginning or end of the file. 9.1.1 Appending Bytes to a File - <A-z> Files may also be expanded using PATCH. When you are positioned at the end of the file, with unused space left on the screen, you can add a "^Z" (end- of-file) byte after the last byte in the file by pressing <A-z>. You can add as many bytes as you want, up to the limit of space on the screen (or until the disk is full). Bytes that have been added can also be patched. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 34 9.1.2 Deleting Bytes From a File - <A-y> After a press of <A-y>, EDDY asks whether you want to delete bytes BEFORE or AFTER the cursor, and then waits for a reply of or <A>, respectively. You may also press <Esc>, if you decide not to delete anything after all. Pressing deletes from the beginning of the file up to the byte at the cursor. <A> deletes everything in the file after the byte at the cursor. The byte at the cursor is never deleted. If you press with the cursor on the first byte of the file, or <A> while it's on the last, EDDY won't complain, but nothing will be deleted. 9.2 Updating in PATCH - <Enter> or <^Enter> When you have made your changes, they may be written to disk by going to UPDATE (two successive <Enter> key presses). Normally - after <Enter> - EDDY puts the current DOS date and time on a file that has been patched. If you use <^Enter> to start the UPDATE, EDDY will ask whether you want to do this or not. (If you have customized EDDY as described in Section 24, no question is asked, and the timestamp remains unchanged.) After UPDATE, EDDY will return to LOOK mode. In LOOK mode you may move to another part of the file, and then press <F4> to go back to PATCH to make more changes. The PATCH-UPDATE-LOOK-PATCH cycle may be repeated as needed. 9.3 PATCHing RAM With option /P turned ON, you may change the contents of your PC's memory by using the PATCH process on the " memory" entry in the display. This can be amusing, but be careful when patching in low memory. It's easy to confuse DOS so that you'll have to do a cold boot to get going again. One thing that is almost SURE to hang up your machine is to mess with the values in the BIOS keyboard buffer pointers (0040:001A - 0040:001D), so EDDY will not allow these locations to be updated. EDDY won't complain if you TRY to change them, and they'll appear to be changed right after patching, but they'll really still be set to the values DOS has put there. 9.4 PATCHing Disks by Physical Sector You may also PATCH any bytes on a physical disk, regardless of file locations or extents. This is explained in detail in Section 21.2. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 35 10. COPY/MOVE/DELETE Controls - <A-c> These Controls are used by the COPY, MOVE, DELETE and DESTROY commands, which are described in Sections 11 through 14. When copying, moving or deleting files, you'll often want to choose the files to be operated on based upon whether they are in the target directory or not, and also based on a comparison of their timestamps. Common examples are when you'd like to give commands such as: "Copy files that are newer than the corresponding files in the target" or "Delete files that are duplicates of those in the target". The COPY/MOVE/DELETE Controls allow you to just that, as well as many other combinations. There is a Control for each of the following cases: 1. File not in target 2. Target file older 3. Target file NEWER! 4. Target different size (date and time same) 5. Same date,time & size These Controls are always checked when a COPY or MOVE command is used. There is also a sixth Control, which determines whether the first 5 will be used with DELETE and DESTROY commands, too: 6. CONTROLS for Delete? Controls 1-5 may each have a setting of "Y" (Yes, tag the file in this case), "N" (No, don't tag the file in this case) or "C" (Confirm before tagging). "C" does not apply to Control #6. "Y" and "N" provide a way of screening the files during multiple-file commands - <^F5>, <^F6>, etc. They are not used with single-file commands. A Control setting of "C" means whenever that case is encountered (single- or multiple-file commands), the target directory entry will be displayed. EDDY then waits for you to confirm whether you want to tag the file or not. The default Control settings (1 - 6) are Y,Y,C,C,N,N. The settings may be displayed and/or changed by pressing <A-c>. Pressing <*> will restore the Controls to their default settings if you have changed them. For the first example given at the beginning of this section - "Copy files that are newer...", the Control settings would be N,Y,C,C,N,N. For the second example - "Delete files that are duplicates...", the settings would be N,N,N,N,Y,Y (or N,C,C,C,Y,Y if you want to be told about differences). EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 36 There is one case where the "File not in target" control will be ignored. If you COPY or MOVE when there is no target directory, one of the actions you may take is to create a new directory to serve as the target (see Section 5.2). If you have just created the target, then obviously any file you want to copy will be "not in target". In this case, Control #1 will be treated as "Y" as long as the target directory remains the same. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 37 11. COPY Command - <F5>, <^F5> Press <F5> to copy the current file. If there is no target directory, EDDY will ask for one. Entering target directories is explained in Section 5.2. The word "Copy" will appear, to show the file has been tagged. The actual copy will be done when you enter UPDATE mode. After the copy, "copied" will appear in the display for that file. If you have other changes to be made to the directory entry (renaming, time- stamping or attribute settings), these changes will be made before the copying, so the target copy will have the same settings as the working copy after the update. An exception to this is the archive attribute bit. Files copied will have the archive attribute turned ON in the target directory (unless you are using option /A, or the target is on a remote disk). For files copied from a fixed disk (or RAM disk) to a floppy, the archive attribute is also set OFF in the working directory. In all other cases, the archive attribute is left unchanged in the working directory. If a file with the "shared" attribute is copied, the result in the target will not have that attribute. Copied files normally receive the same date and time as the original; if you want to put the current timestamp on copies, use <^Enter> to start the UPDATE process, rather than <Enter>. If you use <^Enter>, EDDY will ask you whether or not you want new timestamps. <^F5> will review all files in the working directory for copying, except those already tagged for COPY, MOVE, DELETE or DESTROY. All files which meet the criteria defined by the COPY/MOVE/DELETE Controls (see Section 10) will be tagged for copying when you enter UPDATE mode. <BS> interrupts EDDY after <^F5>, and before all files have been reviewed. Changing the target while files are selected for copying or moving will result in these files being deselected. EDDY will warn you if this occurs. Using option /5 on the command line is the batch mode equivalent of <^F5>. See Section 20 for more information on this. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 38 11.1 COPY/MOVE/DELETE Confirmation When EDDY encounters a case with a corresponding Control setting of "C", the following message is displayed: "<F3>/<A-F3>:LOOK, <F5>:COPY, <F6>:MOVE, <F7>:DELETE, else <Esc>" An <F3> puts you into LOOK mode, to examine the file contents in the working directory, in case you need more information from the file in order to decide what to do. <A-F3> lets you LOOK at the file in the target. In either case, when you exit from LOOK, you will be at the same place in the display, with EDDY still waiting for one of the other keys to be pressed. <F5>, <F6> and <F7> will tag the file for the normal action for that key. <Esc> - or any other key - will leave the file untagged. One situation can be tricky: if the reason for the display is "Target file NEWER!", and you proceed to LOOK mode and from there to PATCH, your patching will normally update the file's timestamp. Upon return, EDDY will find that the condition requiring your decision no longer exists, and will tag the file for COPY or MOVE automatically. In addition to the cases defined by the Controls, some other situations are also checked: - A MOVE, DELETE or DESTROY must be confirmed if the file has the "read- only" attribute ON. - A COPY or MOVE must be confirmed if the corresponding file in the target has the "read-only" attribute ON. - A COPY or MOVE will not be allowed if the target contains a subdirectory with the same name as the file. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 39 11.2 COPYing Files With Disk Errors If you have a file that's on a disk that has "bad spots", EDDY will often let you save the "good" parts, by COPYing the file. See Section 23.3. 11.3 Alterations to a Copied File If you have a WordStar-like file, with lots of high-order bits obscuring the text, you can make a readable copy by copying with bit-stripping. If you want to get rid of TAB characters in a file, you can also do that. 11.3.1 TAB Expansion - <A-0> thru <A-8> To get rid of TABs in a file, tag it for "Copy" and then press <A-number>. <A-#> (where "#" is "2" thru "8") means expand (at UPDATE time) any TABs in the file with spaces to move to the next #-byte boundary, resulting in a larger file. This can possibly cause an out-of-space condition during the UPDATE, as explained in Section 23.2. <A-1> replaces each TAB by a single space. <A-0> deletes the TABs completely, resulting in a smaller file. Files which have been tagged in this way will show the TAB expansion used in parenthesis after the "Copy"; e.g., if you used <A-4>, you would see "Copy(4)" to the right of that file's display. If bit-stripping was also used, you would see "Copy(b4)". This command may only be used on files tagged for "Copy". As every byte must be scanned individually, this is much slower than other copying. 11.3.2 Bit-Stripping - <A-b> To get rid of the high-order bits that obscure the text in some files, first tag the file(s) for "Copy" and then press <A-b>. The new copy will have no high-order bits in it after the UPDATE is done. Files which have been tagged in this way will show "Copy(b)" to the right of the file's display. This command is only used on files tagged for "Copy". 11.4 COPYing RAM To capture the contents of RAM, use <F5> on the " memory" entry. The data will be dumped into a file named "-MEMORY-.@@@". If such a file already exists, it will be overwritten. The file will be as large as your PC's memory, so on floppy-based systems you may not have enough room. 11.5 COPYing Disks Data may be copied to or from disks without regard to logical file structure. See Section 21.4. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 40 12. MOVE Command - <F6>, <^F6> Moving a file places its entry in the target directory and deletes it from the working directory. This is the same as doing a COPY and then a DELETE. Press <F6> to select the current file to be moved. If there is no target directory specified, EDDY will ask you for one. Entering target directories is explained in Section 5.2. <^F6> will review all files in the working directory for moving, except those already tagged for COPY, MOVE, DELETE or DESTROY. All files which meet the criteria defined by the current settings of the COPY/MOVE/DELETE Controls (see Section 10) will be tagged for moving when you UPDATE. To interrupt EDDY after <^F6>, press <BS>. The word "Move" will appear in the display next to a file that has been selected. The actual moving will be done when you enter UPDATE mode. After UPDATE, the word "moved" will appear in the display for that file. The display of size, date, etc., will be cleared, indicating that the file no longer exists in that directory. If you re-sort the display, or move to another working directory and then return, files moved won't be displayed. The heading information showing the number of files in the display and the number of free bytes on the disk will be updated. The archive attribute is always set ON in the moved file's directory entry (unless you are using option /A, or the target is on a remote disk), so that the file will be backed up the next time a backup is done for the target directory. If the moved file has the "shared" attribute ON, it will be turned OFF if the move is to a different disk. Using option /6 on the command line is the batch mode equivalent of <^F6>. See Section 20 for more information on this. 12.1 Moving Subdirectories This feature is sometimes called "prune and graft". Subdirectories, and any files or other subdirectories contained in them, may be moved if: 1) the target directory is on the same disk; 2) the target does not contain a file or directory of the same name; 3) the target is not in a path which includes the directory to be moved (i.e., you can't move a directory to its own child or other subordinate directory); and 4) if the target is the root, there must be space available in the root directory. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 41 After a directory move, you may notice a lot of disk activity before the EDIT display reappears. Don't be alarmed; the program is simply rereading all the information in both the working and target directories, to ensure that all the data displayed reflects the new tree structure. This process has been exhaustively tested by the author and many users, without any problems. However, some of us are hesitant (read "intelligent") about using programs that mess with our disks in non-standard ways. There- fore, the following information is offered. Moving subdirectories cannot be done using the standard DOS application services, except by copying each file and subordinate subdirectory individually. EDDY handles this task by writing directly to the working and target directories, and using DOS services where available. No direct manipulation of the File Allocation Table (FAT) is involved. Specifically, the steps involved in a subdirectory move are: 1. Set the "directory" attribute OFF in the subdirectory's entry in the working directory. This makes DOS think the subdirectory is a file. 2. Move the "file" to the target directory, using the DOS "rename" service. 3. Turn the "directory" attribute back ON in the target directory. 4. Adjust the "cluster number" in the moved directory's ".." (parent) entry to point to the target rather than the working directory. 12.2 Had a Problem? Don't Panic! If there is a problem with any of the above steps (e.g., a power failure during the update), recovery is straightforward. - If the subdirectory is still shown as a directory entry in the working directory, there's no problem. - If you have reason to suspect there might have been a problem, and the entry is shown in the target as a directory, it's possible that step 4 was not completed successfully. This is resolved quickly and easily by running "CHKDSK /F" on the disk. CHKDSK will display "Invalid sub-directory entry" and fix the cluster number automatically. - If there was a problem with step 3, the subdirectory will be shown as a "file" (i.e., no "directory" attribute) in the target, with a length of zero. Don't panic! There's only one little bit that has to be changed. To fix this problem, LOOK at the target, then LOOK at the disk and press <A-w>, to display the raw directory data. Move the display until the entry for the "file" is at the top, and PATCH offset 0Bh to "10h". Your directory is now restored. Exit from LOOK, resort the display (<A-n>, <A-d>, or whatever), and you'll see the result. - If the subdirectory is shown as a "file" in the working directory, LOOK at the disk, press <A-w>, and proceed as described in the previous paragraph. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 42 13. DELETE Command - <F7>, <^F7> To select the current file for deletion, press <F7>. No other changes may be made to a file that is selected for deletion. "Delete" appears next to the file. The deletion will be done when you UPDATE, and "deleted" will appear. All directory information (size, date, etc.) will be blanked out, indicating that the file no longer exists in that directory. If you re-sort the display, files deleted won't be shown. The heading information showing the number of files in the display and the number of free bytes on the disk will be updated to reflect the deletion. If COPY/MOVE/DELETE Control #6 (see Section 10 for more on Controls) is set to "N" (the default), <^F7> tags all files in the working directory for deletion, except those already tagged for COPY, MOVE or DESTROY. If Control #6 is "Y", the other Controls determine which files will be tagged by <^F7>, based upon a comparison of working and target directories. If Control #6 is "Y" and there is no target directory, you'll be asked for one. If you don't enter a target, Control #6 will be treated as "N" for processing the current <^F7> command. To interrupt EDDY after <^F7>, press <BS>. Using option /7 on the command line is the batch mode equivalent of <^F7>. See Section 20 for more information on this. 13.1 Deleting Subdirectories Subdirectories may also be deleted. You may delete subdirectories that still contain files and/or subordinate subdirectories. EDDY will warn you that the directory is not empty when you press <F7>, and ask whether you want to delete or not. If you choose to proceed with the deletion, all files in the directory, plus any subordinate subdirectories and all of their files, will be deleted when you UPDATE. In this type of deletion, no check is made for read-only file attributes on the files in the subdirectory - they are all deleted without further question. Obviously, this type of deletion should be done only when you are sure there's nothing important left in the directory. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 43 As the deletions are being made, the full path and file name of each file or subdirectory being deleted will be displayed prior to its deletion. As with other UPDATE actions, pressing a key during the UPDATE will suspend activity until you decide how you want to proceed. 13.2 Logical DELETE (Ignore) - <A-F7>, <A-^F7> Pressing <A-F7> flags a file with "(Ignore)". The file will be ignored by any of the repeating (i.e., <Ctrl>-shifted) commands. This lets you eliminate files from a list that you want to do a repeated FIND on, for example, so as not to waste time with files that are not of interest for the FIND. <A-F7> also undoes any changes that may be pending on the file. Pressing a key for any command which affects the current file when that file is logically deleted cancels the "(Ignore)". Moving the cursor left or right on the line also cancels the "(Ignore)". <A-^F7> flags all files with "(Ignore)". This is useful when you want to ignore all but a few of the files displayed for the next command, such as a multi-file FIND - <^f> - or multi-file Point-and-Shoot - <S-^F9>. It's easier io ignore all and then UNDO the few, rather than ignoring one by one. 14. DESTROY Command - <S-F7>, <S-^F7> To select the current file for destruction, press <S-F7>. Destroying means to overwrite a file, thus destroying the data in it, and then delete the file from the working directory. "Destroy" appears next to the file. The actual overwrite and deletion will be done when you enter UPDATE mode. EDDY overwrites the file with question marks. Afterward, "destroyed" appears next to that file, and all directory information is erased. The counts of the numbers of files in the display and the free bytes on the disk will be updated to reflect the deletion. If COPY/MOVE/DELETE Control #6 (see Section 10 for more on Controls) is set to "N" (the default), <S-^F7> tags all files in the working directory for deletion, except those already tagged for COPY, MOVE or DELETE. If Control #6 is set to "Y", then the other Controls are used to determine which files will be tagged by <S-^F7>, based upon a comparison of working and target directory entries. If Control #6 is "Y" and there is no target directory, you'll be asked for one. If you don't enter a target, Control #6 will be treated as "N" for processing the current <S-^F7> command. To interrupt EDDY after <S-^F7>, press <BS>. Using option /8 on the command line is the batch mode equivalent of <S-^F7>. See Section 20 for more information on this. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 44 15.0 DOS Gateway - <F9> EDDY allows you to exit to DOS, execute other commands or programs, and return to EDDY to pick up where you left off. All requested changes and actions will still be in effect when you return. From either EDIT or LOOK mode, pressing <F9> exits to DOS. EDDY will ask you to confirm that you want to exit. When you exit, EDDY loads a new copy of COMMAND.COM, which will process your DOS commands normally. The screen is cleared, followed by COMMAND.COM's announcement of its presence, and then the DOS prompt. The default directory will be EDDY's current working directory. You may change this if you wish. EDDY will restore it when you return. When you are ready to return to EDDY, type "EXIT" at the DOS command prompt. If you forget to EXIT, you may run short of memory later on, because memory remains assigned to both EDDY and the extra copy of COMMAND.COM. To remind you to EXIT, EDDY changes the DOS prompt to end with "Exit>". (This is not done if your DOS environment is larger than 10,529 bytes - an EDDY internal buffer limitation.). If you don't want this reminder added to your prompt, see Section 24.3.1. EDDY looks for the string "COMSPEC" in the DOS environment segment, in order to determine where to load COMMAND.COM from in response to <F9>. If it can't find this string, <F9> will display the message "Can't find COMMAND.COM", and will not exit to DOS. This message means that the environment has been corrupted somehow, and probably indicates a serious internal problem with some program you are using - hopefully, not EDDY. Before turning control over to DOS, EDDY computes a checksum of all of the memory it is using. When you return to EDDY, this checksum is computed again. If the two values are the same, EDDY continues. However, if there is a difference, it indicates that some processing you have done while outside of EDDY has changed part of the memory allocated to EDDY. To avoid possible problems, such as writing trash to your directories, EDDY displays the DOS error message "Invalid memory blocks" and terminates immediately. If this happens, directory defaults and cursor size will be left at their current values, rather than being restored to their pre-EDDY settings. If you expect to exit to DOS and return often, you may want to use option /R when you execute EDDY. This leaves more memory for DOS to work with. See Appendix B for information on EDDY's use of memory with the DOS Gateway. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 45 15.1 Execute File - <A-F9> When the cursor is located on a file with an extension of "COM", "EXE" or "BAT", pressing <A-F9> executes that file. When the program or batch file ends, EDDY waits for a key to be pressed before resuming control. This allows time to read any information that may have been displayed on the screen by the file which was just executed. 15.2 Execute Command ("Point-and-Shoot") with EDDY.USE You may define commands to be used with certain files. For instance, you might want to use PKARC to look at the contents of ".ARC" files, without leaving EDDY. The files and corresponding commands must be defined in a file called "EDDY.USE", which may be created with EDLIN or any other editor or word processor which can produce a simple ASCII file. 15.2.1 One-File Point-and-Shoot - <S-F9> When you press <S-F9>, EDDY will display the command that is to be executed. Press <S-F9> again to proceed; any other key cancels the command. For example, if EDDY.USE contains the line: *.ARC C:\UTIL\PKARC.COM V %1 pressing <S-F9> when the cursor is on EXAMPLE.ARC will give the display: <S-F9>= C:\UTIL\PKARC.COM V EXAMPLE.ARC and pressing <S-F9> again will list the contents of EXAMPLE.ARC (assuming, of course, that you have PKARC in the UTIL directory). Files are defined as usual for DOS (including wildcards), and the commands are similar to .BAT file commands. The full path AND EXTENSION (i.e., "COM" in the example) must be given in the command. There must be at least one space after the extension, and also after the file definition. The replaceable parameter ("%1" in the example) tells EDDY where to insert the current filename before executing the command. The "1" in "%1" has no significance; any digit may be used, or the "%" used by itself. It is used in the example only to emphasize the similarity to batch files. EDDY.USE must be in a directory defined in your PATH variable, the current directory, or (if you have DOS 3.0 or higher) in the same directory that you executed EDDY from. The command, including the filename that replaces the parameter, cannot be longer than 72 bytes. Any bytes beyond the 72nd will be truncated. When the command has finished, EDDY waits for a key to be pressed before resuming control. This allows time to read any information that may have been displayed on the screen by the command which was just executed. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 46 15.2.2 Multi-File Point-and-Shoot - <S-^F9> This facility allows you to select a list of files to perform the same operation on, with a single command. All files in the current working directory display - except any tagged as "(Ignore)" - will be processed according to the commands defined in EDDY.USE. The commands in the EDDY.USE file are defined and interpreted the same as commands for use with individual files, with two differences: a. Multi-File Command Identifier A command which is to be used by the <S-^F9> processing must be preceded by the caret character ("^"). This identifies it as a command for repetitive, multi-file processing, rather than applicable to only the current file. Commands starting with "^" are ignored when EDDY processes the <S-F9> key- press; commands without the initial "^" are ignored by <S-^F9> processing. This allows you to specify different processing for the same files, depen- ding on whether they are processed singly or as a group. For example, suppose you want to use your editor on a single program source file, but compile or assemble to get listings of source files you have modified and tested satisfactorily. This is the way the two commands below could be used if they were contained in EDDY.USE. *.ASM C:\PE\PE2.EXE /PC:\PE\ASM.PRO %1 ^ *.ASM C:\MASM\MASM.EXE %1,NUL,C:\LIST; You would simply display the appropriate directory, "(Ignore)" any files you don't wish to assemble, and then press <S-^F9>. b. Pause Indicator After processing a single file with <S-F9>, EDDY pauses to permit you to see the final screen display produced by the command. With <S-^F9>, the default is NOT to pause. If you want the pause after each file is processed, insert a hyphen in the command, immediately following the "^". Continuing with the previous example, the command in EDDY.USE would be: ^- *.ASM C:\MASM.EXE %1,NUL,C:\LIST; EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 47 16. QUIT Command - <F10>, <Esc> When you are through with EDDY, press <F10>. <F10> will restore your default drive and directory to the settings they had when you executed EDDY (or to your "exit" directory, if you have selected one as described below). EDDY will terminate immediately and return to DOS. If you have changes pending which have not yet been processed by UPDATE, EDDY will remind you that there are such changes, and ask you to confirm that you want to QUIT anyway. One exception to this may occur when option /K is used. Pressing <F10> when a message is displayed and waiting for a key press will only erase the message (like any other key). You must press <F10> again to terminate. Some users prefer to use <Esc> as a way to QUIT from EDIT. If you want to QUIT by using <Esc>, just press it and hold it down. 16.1 Exit Directory - <S-F10>, <A-F10> <S-F10> selects the current working directory as the "exit" directory. The exit directory is the directory which will be left as the DOS default when you QUIT from EDDY by using <F10>. If no exit directory is selected, the default after <F10> will be the same as it was before you executed EDDY. <A-F10> exits from EDDY - just like <F10> - but ignores the exit directory, leaving the current working directory as the DOS default. 16.2 EGA and VGA Display Control - <^F10> If you have an EGA or VGA monitor, EDDY normally resets the display to the same number of lines that were in use when EDDY was executed. However, if you use <^F10> to quit, the result is the same as <F10>, except the display will be left with the number of lines per screen you have set (by using option /E) while in EDDY. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 48 17. FIND String in File, Disk or RAM - <A-f>, <f> To find a string, press <A-f> when the EDIT mode cursor is on that display entry, or when in LOOK mode. (In LOOK mode, </> or <\> have the same effect as <A-f>.) If you want to search through all files in the working directory, press <^f> - see Section 17.5. As an example, suppose you were using EDDY to LOOK at this file ("EDDY.DOC") and were positioned to the "Technical Support" section. If you pressed <A-f>, the display would be similar to Figure 17-1. The second line in the window shows a series of "5F"s and underlines. The underlines have no special significance. They only mark the place where you may enter the string you want EDDY to find. When you have entered the string EDDY is to search for, press <Enter> for a "close" match search or <^Enter> for an exact match. * * * (text continues on next page) * * * EXAMPLE "FIND" SCREEN: ================================================================================ bug, surely!), if you take the trouble to report it, I'll try to solve it. And I'll get back to you with a fix, if possible. EDDY's PATCH command, using an area within EDDY reserved for this purpose, makes it reasonably easy to fix minor bugs without having to wait for a whole new version of the program. With any problem report, please include the following information: 1. Version and serial numbers of your copy of EDDY (as shown on the logo |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Enter new FIND string, or use this one... | | 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F ________________| | ^ | | <Enter> to FIND "close" match, <^Enter> for exact match | | | | Global match is:"?" <A-g> to change | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 5. As complete a description of the problem as possible - - what did you enter on the command line? - <PrtSc> listings of the screen before and after the problem - how was EDDY's output different from what you expected? - any other information that seems relevant -LOOK- <Esc> to EDIT bits:8 tab:8 line:1357 F1:HELP F4:PATCH F10:QUIT ================================================================================ Figure 17-1 EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 49 A "close" match will ignore upper and lower case differences. One or more blanks in the string will match any number of consecutive blanks, carriage returns, line feeds or TABs (or any combination). An exact match requires that every character match completely, including case and blanks. A close match will also find words that have been hyphenated and broken across two lines. If you enter the string "bicycle" and then ask EDDY for a "close" match, it will find any occurrance of "bicycle" or even of "bicy- cle" (i.e., broken at the end of the line). Once you have entered a string, that string becomes the default for any later FINDs, on the same or other file. Exact match FINDs are much faster than "close" matches. In LOOK mode, you may press <f> to repeat the previous FIND, using the same string and the same type of match (close or exact). When EDDY finds the string, it goes to LOOK mode with the display positioned so that the line containing the string is at the top. The first byte of the string is highlighted, and it blinks. If there are long lines, and the string is off-screen, EDDY will move the display window to show the string. If the string begins with a carriage return or line feed, the LOOK mode display will be in hex format, even if it was in ASCII when the search began. This is because these characters are used as line break controls, and do not appear in an ASCII display itself; therefore, hex format is used. If the string was not found, EDDY will "beep", the message "Not found" will be displayed, and the last page of the file will be shown. You may interrupt EDDY's search by pressing any key. See Appendix B for information on EDDY's use of memory with FIND. 17.1 Entering New FIND Strings You may notice that the line where you enter strings looks a lot like EDDY's PATCH mode display. In fact, the same data entry routines are used, and you enter your string just as though you were patching this line. Values 00 - 7Eh may be entered in ASCII format. 00h - 19h may be entered by using the <Ctrl>-shifted keys: <^@>, <^a>, etc. In hex, all values may be entered. <Tab> toggles between hex and ASCII; if you don't like <Tab> for this purpose, see Section 8.2.1. If <Tab> is not the toggle key, it can be used to enter TAB (09h) bytes in ASCII format. If any part of the string is entered in hex, or if the string has a hyphen in it, matches to words broken over two lines will not be found. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 50 Under the data entry line, marking the end of the string, is an up arrow (shown in Figure 17-1 as "^"). This arrow normally points to the last character entered, although you may move back to change a character if you make a mistake, and the arrow won't move. To mark the end of the string at another place, move the cursor to that place and press <Up>. If you begin entering characters in the first (leftmost) position of the string, EDDY erases whatever previous string was there and accepts your input as a completely new string. However, if you move the cursor to some position further to the right, and enter your first character there, you can make changes to the previous string (including the first position). You may also use <Ins> and <Del> to edit FIND strings. Two other features provide a lot of flexibility for FINDing data: the "global match" character and the "don't match" attribute. 17.2 Global Match Character - <A-g> The global match character works like the "?" wild card in DOS. If a FIND string contains the global match character, that position in the string will match any byte. For example, the FIND string "str?ng" will match "strxng", "str@ng", "str ng", etc. The default global match character is "?". If you want to search for a string which includes the character currently used for global matching, you can specify any other character by pressing <A-g> and then typing the new global match character. You may use any character except space for global matching. The new global match character remains in effect until changed by another <A-g>. 17.3 "Don't Match" Attribute - <A-k> You may also give any character in the FIND string the "don't match" (or "match anything BUT this") attribute. This means that the character in that position in the string will match any character in the file EXCEPT the actual character in the string. To give this attribute to a character, press <A-k> and then type the character. The character will be highlighted on the screen to remind you that it has the "don't match" attribute. For example, if the second character in the string "xyz" were designated as "don't match", the string would be a successful match to "x0z", "x=z", etc., but would not match "xyz". EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 51 If your string contains a global match character, you may designate it as "don't match" if you wish. In this case, that character (in that string position only) is no longer treated as a global match. For example, suppose the global match character is "?", and you use the string "abc?" with the last character as "don't match". Then EDDY would not find "abc?" if it occurred in the file, but it would find "abc-" or "abcd", etc. Similarly, if you designate a blank as "don't match", it will no longer match multiple blanks, carriage returns, line feeds or TABs. Instead, it will simply be treated as a match to any single character except blank. Typing any character in a string position previously designated "don't match" removes the "don't match" attribute. 17.4 FIND and REPLACE - <A-r> To replace occurrences of the FIND string with a new string (the "REPLACE string"), press <A-r>. The FIND window will be expanded to allow entry of a REPLACE string in the lower portion of the window. REPLACE strings are entered exactly the same as FIND strings, and may be ASCII and/or hex. Switching between the two parts of the window is done with the cursor keys: <Up> moves from the REPLACE part to the FIND part, and <Down> moves from FIND to REPLACE. To shrink the window back to its normal FIND-only size, press <A-r> again. If you begin the search with the expanded window on the screen, then the REPLACE string will be used whenever a match is found for the FIND string. When you begin the search, you will be asked whether you want EDDY to pause for you to confirm before replacing, or just to go ahead and make the replacement automatically. If the REPLACE string is shorter than the FIND string (e.g., with a "close" match that includes white space), the REPLACE string will be padded with trailing blanks as required to make the two strings the same length. A REPLACE string may not be longer than its corresponding FIND string. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 52 17.5 Search for FIND String in All Files - <^f> To search through all files for the given string, press <^f>. The first file from your current display will be displayed in LOOK mode, and the FIND window will be ready for you to enter the FIND string. If a match is found, the first character is highlighted in a LOOK mode display, as for <A-f> or <f>. If there is no match in that file, the search will proceed to the next file, continuing until there is a match or there are no more files. After a match, you have 4 choices: 1. Pressing <f> searches the file for any more matches, and proceeds to the next file if no match is found. 2. You can press <A-f> to change the FIND string, and the new string will used for matching from that point on. 3. <Esc> exits from the current file without searching further, and moves on to the next file. 4. To stop the search and return to EDIT mode, press <BS>. During the search, pressing <BS> will stop and return to EDIT. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 53 18. File Selection by Filtering EDDY provides two "filters", or screening mechanisms, which allow you to be more selective about the files you access. In addition to the usual selection by DOS path and filename (with or without wildcards), you may also specify file attribute byte and/or timestamp values. Filter values may be entered from the command line or while executing EDDY. When either filter is in use, it is shown in the top line of the display. Filters normally have no effect on subdirectory entries in the display. All subdirectories are displayed, regardless of attribute settings or timestamp, with two exceptions: if the directory attribute is selected as part of an attribute filter or if the display sequence is "unsorted", then subdirectory entries are filtered in the same manner as other file entries. When you set or change a filter and there are other changes pending, such as renaming, copying, etc., EDDY checks to be sure that all files with changes will still be included in the display after the new filter takes effect. If not, you will be warned that some changes will be lost, and given a chance to decide whether to proceed or not. 18.1 Filtering by Attribute You may filter the directory display so that it contains only files with attributes you specify, by using an attribute selection parameter. 18.1.1 Attribute Selection from the Command Line A command line attribute selection parameter begins with a plus sign ("+") to distinguish it from a path specification. The "+" is followed by one or more letters for the file attributes you choose. The letters to use are the same as the letters in EDDY's display heading: R, H, S, D, A or N. To select files which have the attribute ON, enter the letter in upper case; for files with the attribute OFF, lower case. Thus, to select only files which are "hidden", enter "+H"; to select files which are read-only and have not been modified since last backup (i.e., "archive" attribute off), enter "+Ra" or "+aR" (the order makes no difference). If more than one attribute is selected, all must match in order for a file to be selected. If you specify an incorrect letter, or use the same letter in both upper and lower case, EDDY will terminate with an "Invalid format" error message. Attribute selections are shown in the display heading. The letters for the selected attributes will blink, showing they're used for file selection, and the letters will be the same case - upper or lower - as you specified. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 54 18.1.2 Attribute Selection in EDDY - <A-a> Press <A-a> for attribute selection while executing EDDY. You may then enter the attributes to be used for filtering. <Esc> restores the attribute filter previously in effect, if any. To select an attribute, press the key for the corresponding letter - <R>, <H>, <S>, <D>, <A> or <N>. Pressing a key once selects "attribute ON", twice selects "attribute OFF", and a third time deselects the attribute. When you are satisfied with the selection, press <Enter>. 18.2 Filtering by Timestamp You may filter the directory display so that it contains only files with timestamps in a range you specify, by using timestamp selection. 18.2.1 Timestamp Selection from the Command Line A command line timestamp selection parameter is enclosed in double quote marks Immediately following the first quote must be one of the following: ">", "<" or "=". These mean that the files to be selected for display must have timestamps greater than, less than, or equal to the timestamp you use. Next, you must provide the timestamp value. This may be a date, a time, or both. Following the timestamp value is the closing quote mark. Dates must be in the form "mm/dd/yy". Leading zeros must be supplied if necessary to make up a 2-digit value - e.g., "5/31/88" would be rejected, but "05/31/88" would be O.K. Times are based on a 12-hour clock, and must be in the form "hh:mma" for A.M. times, or "hh:mmp" for P.M. Again, leading zeros are required. If you wish to specify both date and time, the date and time must be separated by one space. Some examples of valid timestamp values are: ">05/31/88 09:00p" - select files with timestamps later than this "=07/23/86" - select files created at any time on this date only "<10:30p" - select files created before this time, on any date EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 55 Normally, EDDY will re-sort the display when you use timestamp filtering. When the filter includes a date, the display will be sorted by date. If the filter has only a time, it will be sorted by time. However, if you have explicitly changed the display sequence (by using option /1 or one of the sort commands), then filtering by timestamp will not cause a re-sort. If you make a mistake with the timestamp, EDDY will usually terminate with an "Invalid format" error. However, if you leave off one or the other of the quotes, and your filter value includes a "<" or a ">", DOS will use these as redirection symbols, rather than as part of the command line. With "<", you will probably get a "File not found" message, while with ">" the "Invalid format" and logo display output from EDDY will be put in a (hopefully new!) file in your default directory. If these possibilities worry you, you may use "+" and "-" instead of ">" and "<", when entering a timestamp filter value from the command line. 18.2.2 Timestamp Selection in EDDY - <A-q> Press <A-q> for timestamp selection from within EDDY. Any timestamp filter in effect at that time will be cancelled, the null timestamp "=00/00/00 00:00p" will appear in the top line, and the cursor will move to the equal sign. If you don't want to enter a new timestamp value, press <Enter> while the null timestamp is displayed, and no timestamp filter will be used. Otherwise, the null timestamp may be edited just as though it was a normal file timestamp in the body of the display. When you are happy with the filter value, press <Enter>. If you enter an invalid timestamp, EDDY will "beep" at you and move the cursor to the field in error. 19. VOLUME Labelling - <A-v> To create or change a volume label on a disk, press <A-v>. Then enter the new label and <Enter>. <Ins> and <Del> may be used to revise what you have typed, prior to <Enter>. EDDY can't create labels with lower case characters, nor make a file into a label by changing its attributes. EDDY does not delete labels. When creating a new label for an unlabelled disk, you'll get an error if the disk's root directory already has the maximum number of entries (112 for a DSDD floppy) allowed by DOS, or if the label you enter is the same as a file or subdirectory in the root. Also, a label can't have leading blanks. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 56 20. Batch Operations In batch mode, you may COPY, MOVE, DELETE or DESTROY files. The desired command is specified on the command line, as a "numeric" option. The numbers used correspond to function keys used interactively... /5 - COPY files (<^F5>) /6 - MOVE files (<^F6>) /7 - DELETE files (<^F7>) /8 - DESTROY files (<S-^F7>) Other numeric options useful in batch mode are: /1x - "x" defines the sequence (E = extension, D = date/time, N = name, etc.) in which files will be processed. Lowercase means inverted order. /2xxxxxx - "x"s define COPY/MOVE/DELETE Control settings (see Section 10). If the default settings are correct, /2 is not required. Normal defaults are Y,Y,C,C,N,N. (In batch mode, "C" is treated as "N" - i.e., there is no "confirmation" step.) Thus, to COPY files newer than corresponding files in the target, enter a command like... "EDDY/5 C:\WORK A:" To DELETE files that are duplicates of those in the target, enter... "EDDY/7/2NNNNYY C:\WORK A:" Attribute and/or timestamp filters may also be used to select files in batch mode. Files with read-only, hidden or system attributes will not be processed in batch mode unless they are explicitly selected by an attribute filter. If a file to be copied or moved is "read-only" in the target, the command will proceed only if the file is also read-only in the working directory. Any error encountered will terminate EDDY, and "ERRORLEVEL" will be set non-zero. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 57 21. Disk Jockey's Delight (format-level disk functions) These functions are not available when looking at remote (network) drives, or at disks larger than 32 megabytes. 21.1 LOOK at Entire Disk - <F3> If you press <F3> on the third line of the display ("Drive X: is..."), you will enter LOOK mode for the entire disk, without regard to any file or directory structure. In effect, the whole disk is treated as a single file. When LOOKing at the disk, the display is always in hex. However the meaning of "Offset" is slightly different; "Offset" specifies physical disk sectors (normally 512 bytes each). Here's an example of this type of display: ================================================================================ Offset 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07-08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F ASCII P 1B0 6F 6E 73 AC 20 77 68 69 63 E8 20 61 72 E5 20 A0 ??? ons, which are 1C0 63 6F 6D 70 75 74 65 E4 20 A0 61 75 74 6F 6D 61 ??? computed automa 1D0 74 69 63 61 6C 6C F9 20 8D 0A A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 ??? tically .. 1E0 A0 A0 A0 77 68 65 EE 20 65 6E 74 65 72 65 64 AE ??? when entered. 1F0 20 20 49 EE 20 63 61 73 65 F3 20 77 68 65 72 E5 ??? In cases where 0000193F 20 74 68 E5 20 64 69 6D 65 6E 74 69 6F 6E 61 EC the dimentional 0633 010 20 77 65 69 67 68 F4 20 A0 69 F3 20 8D 0A A0 A0 weight is .. 020 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 67 72 65 61 74 65 F2 20 74 greater t 030 68 61 EE 20 74 68 E5 20 61 63 74 75 61 EC 20 77 han the actual w 040 65 69 67 68 74 AC 20 74 68 E5 20 53 79 73 74 65 eight, the Syste 050 ED 20 61 75 74 6F 6D 61 74 69 63 61 6C 6C F9 20 m automatically 060 8D 0A A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 E3 61 6C 63 75 .. calcu 070 6C 61 74 65 F3 20 64 69 6D 65 6E 74 69 6F 6E 61 lates dimentiona 080 EC 20 77 65 69 67 68 F4 20 63 68 61 72 67 65 73 l weight charges 090 2E 0D 0A 2E 70 61 0D 8A A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 46 72 ....pa.. Fr 0A0 6F ED 20 A0 69 6E 66 6F 72 6D 61 74 69 6F EE 20 om information 0B0 A0 65 6E 74 65 72 65 64 AC 20 74 68 E5 20 53 79 entered, the Sy 0C0 73 74 65 ED 20 63 72 65 61 74 65 F3 20 A0 E1 20 stem creates a 0D0 A0 64 65 74 61 69 6C 65 E4 20 8D 0A A0 A0 A0 A0 detailed .. 0E0 A0 A0 68 69 73 74 6F 72 F9 20 A0 6F E6 20 65 61 history of ea 0F0 63 E8 20 73 68 69 70 6D 65 6E F4 20 72 65 63 6F ch shipment reco -LOOK- <Esc> to EDIT Drive C:\ F1:HELP F4:PATCH F10:QUIT ================================================================================ Figure 21-1 The first line of each sector's display has the logical sector number in the "Offset" field (0000193F in the example). The other lines for the sector indicate the offset of the displayed bytes from the beginning of the sector. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 58 If the sector is the first sector of a cluster, the second line also shows the "cluster" number (0633 in the example). Numbering starts with cluster 2, which begins with the first sector in the disk's data area. Sectors in the DOS disk control area, which include the boot sector(s), File Allocation Table(s), root directory, etc., do not have cluster numbers. However, the starting sectors of the root directory and File Allocation Table(s) have "ROOT" and "FAT" respectively, under the sector number. You may notice the "???" strings in the first few lines of Figure 21-1; this is the way EDDY indicates sectors on which DOS has reported that an error has occurred while reading the data. The data may not be accurate. 21.1.1 Jumping Around Several "shortcut" methods are available to move the display quickly to various parts of the disk: a. Jump to Sector - <j> To move to a particular sector, press <j>. EDDY will ask you to enter the sector number, in hex. When you have done so, the display will move accordingly. If the number entered is larger than the last sector number on the disk, the last sector will be displayed. b. Jump to Cluster - <A-j> To move to a particular cluster, press <A-j>. EDDY will ask you to enter the cluster number, in hex. When you have done so, the display will move accordingly. If the number entered is larger than the last cluster number on the disk, the last sector will be displayed. c. Jump to Working Directory - <A-w> Pressing <A-w> moves you to the first cluster of the working directory. d. Jump to Target Directory - <A-t> If there is a target directory, and it is on the same disk as the working directory, it will be displayed if you press <A-t>. e. Jump to Starting Cluster - <A-s> A directory entry contains a pointer (cluster number) to the first disk area allocated to that file or directory. This pointer remains in the entry even after the file has been deleted, until that entry is used again. To look at the data on the disk at the logical start of the area allocated to a file or directory (the cluster), position the directory entry on the first line of the screen and press <A-s>. EDDY 5724 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 59 f. Jump to Next Cluster - <A-n> Space on the disk is allocated in clusters, and the record of space alloca- ted is maintained in "chains" of cluster numbers, in the FAT. To view the data in the next cluster in the chain for a file, press <A-n>. g. Jump to Unallocated Cluster - <A-u> When <A-u> is pressed after entry to LOOK, the first cluster that has not been allocated is displayed. After that, <A-u> displays the next sequential unallocated cluster. When all unallocated clusters have been displayed, the display returns to the first one. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 60 21.1.2 Displaying Directory Entries - <A-d> If you have a directory entry displayed at the top of the screen, such as would be the case after an <A-w> or <A-t> command, described above, you can use <A-d>. The result will be a display (nearly) like EDDY's EDIT mode format for that entry. An example is given in Figure 21-2. The attributes are shown by the letters "RHYDASV". These are the same as in the EDIT mode heading line (except "V", which indicates the volume label attribute). In this display, they show the attribute settings directly; upper case means attribute ON, lower case means OFF. The "cluster" number is the starting cluster which is (or was, if the entry has been deleted) allocated to the file or subdirectory. After displaying a directory entry, any keypress will clear it. If the key used is also a valid command, it will be executed. ================================================================================ Offset 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07-08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F ASCII P 00000053 49 42 4D 42 49 4F 20 20 43 4F 4D 27 00 00 00 00 IBMBIO COM'.... ROOT 010 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 48 CA 10 02 00 DF 4D 00 00 .......HJ..._M.. |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | IBMBIO .COM 19935 6/10/88 9:00:02a RHYdAsv, cluster=0002 | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 050 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 48 30 11 1B 00 1C 63 00 00 .......H0....c.. 060 44 4F 53 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 13 00 00 00 00 DOS ..... 070 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 A2 3F 10 28 00 00 00 00 00 ......."?.(..... 080 54 4F 53 48 49 42 41 31 36 30 30 28 00 00 00 00 Toshiba1600(.... 090 00 00 00 00 00 00 21 AC 9B 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 ......!,........ 0A0 54 41 53 4D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 13 00 00 00 00 TASM ..... 0B0 00 00 00 00 00 00 27 63 B5 12 BE 02 00 00 00 00 ......'c5.>..... 0C0 E5 52 49 56 45 20 20 20 44 20 20 20 00 00 00 00 eRIVE D .... 0D0 00 00 00 00 00 00 09 0F 38 13 9A 26 12 C0 05 00 ........8..&.@.. 0E0 55 54 49 4C 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 13 00 00 00 00 UTIL ..... 0F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 31 AC 9B 12 66 01 00 00 00 00 ......1,..f..... 100 48 4D 41 56 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 13 00 00 00 00 HMAV ..... 110 00 00 00 00 00 00 D6 AE 9B 12 A2 01 00 00 00 00 ......V..."..... 120 4D 49 53 43 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 13 00 00 00 00 MISC ..... 130 00 00 00 00 00 00 3A 7D CB 12 FD 08 00 00 00 00 ......:}K.}..... 140 47 41 4D 45 53 20 20 20 20 20 20 13 00 00 00 00 GAMES ..... -LOOK- <Esc> to EDIT Drive C:\ F1:HELP F4:PATCH F10:QUIT ================================================================================ Figure 21-2 EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 61 21.2 PATCH Anything on a Disk - <F4> You can patch disks without regard to logical or physical file structure. This capability should be used with caution, as it is quite possible to make a disk unusable by patching the wrong byte(s). The first part of the disk (before cluster 0002) contains formatting and space allocation information, and is the most sensitive area. Therefore, EDDY will warn you and ask for confirmation before patching there. If this capability worries you, see the next section. 21.3 That's Too Dangerous! These very powerful features can be extremely dangerous in the hands of an inexperienced user, or worse, someone who is intent on doing damage. For this reason, some users prefer not to have all the capabilities readily available, especially on machines that may be used by more than one person. By creating a customized version of EDDY, you can PERMANENTLY disable the absolute sector patching feature. Just answer "n" when the question: "Allow disk PATCHing by sector in new EDDY (y/n)?" is asked, and the customized version will have this feature disabled. If you answer "y", you can change ANYTHING on a disk, including format data. Even if you customize again, using the disabled EDDY.COM as the master copy, sector patching cannot be re-enabled. Your original copy of EDDY.COM (or EDDY.OLD, after customizing), will still do sector patching, however, so it should be kept safely tucked away where only you can get to it. 21.4 FIND Strings Anywhere on a Disk - <A-f> The FIND command works the same as with a file. Refer to Section 17. 21.5 COPY Disk (or parts of it) To copy by physical disk area, first select the portion to be copied, and then tell EDDY to copy it. The commands used in connection with these steps are described below. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 62 21.5.1 Select Disk Area a. Mark Cluster(s) - <m> Clusters to be copied are defined by "marking" them. This is done by moving the LOOK display to the cluster desired, and pressing <m>. If no clusters are currently marked, the single displayed cluster will be marked. If one or more clusters are already marked, the displayed cluster, plus all the clusters between it and the currently-marked clusters will be marked. Thus, the marked area is always a contiguous set of clusters. Only areas of the disk which are formatted for file storage i.e., cluster 2 and beyond, can be marked in this way. Lower-numbered sectors can only be marked by marking the entire disk. b. Mark Entire Disk - <^m> If you want to select an entire disk to be copied to a file in the target, mark all sectors and clusters by pressing <^m>. c. Jump to Marked Cluster - <A-m> If you press <A-m>, the display will move to the first marked cluster, if any, unless it ia already displayed. In the latter case, if there are more marked clusters, the display will move to the last one. <A-m> has no effect if there are no marked clusters, or if the entire disk is marked. 21.5.2 COPY Marked Area - <Enter> When you have defined the portion of the disk you want to copy, by marking it, press <Enter>. After you confirm - as with other update-type operations - by pressing <Enter> again, the area you have selected will be copied to the target directory. Copying will always be to a file called "DRIVE.x", where "x" is the letter of your working directory's drive. If a file with this name already exists in the target directory, you'll get a warning message and EDDY will let you decide whether to proceed or not. After copying is complete, EDDY unmarks all marked areas and remains in LOOK mode. You may mark additional areas as desired, and copy those areas as well. This may be repeated as often as you like (as long as there is enough space in the target). As long as you do not return to EDIT, all data copied will be added to the end of the data in the "DRIVE.x" file. This allows you to build that file without respect to the order of clusters on the disk. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 63 21.5.3 Disk-to-File COPYing (for BBS'ers) Sending entire disks electronically is difficult without EDDY. If you have a disk you'd like to transmit via modem, use this feature. To copy the entire disk to a file, mark all sectors (<^m>) and then <Enter>. (The target directory must be on a separate disk, which must be larger than the disk being copied.) Then you can compress the resulting "DRIVE.x" file if desired, and transmit. (For maximum compression, use a newly-formatted disk to create your original.) Make sure the receiver has a copy of EDDY, so that he can rebuild the disk as described in the next section. This file will be 4 bytes longer than the disk being copied. EDDY writes the sector size and no. of sectors of the source disk at the beginning of the file, for later checking on format compatibility if EDDY is used to restore the file to a disk (see next section). If you require a file that is an exact image of your disk (i.e., doesn't have this extra information), just use EDDY's PATCH command to delete the first 4 bytes. This feature will not work with copy-protection schemes that use non-DOS formats for some or all parts of the disk, although hidden files, non- standard directory structures, and unique boot programs are no problem. Another use for this feature is in making multiple copies of a single disk. For more than about 5 (DSDD) disk copies, using EDDY to do a disk-to-file, and then doing repeated file-to-disk copies, as described below, is faster than using DOS's "diskcopy". 21.5.4 File-to-Disk COPYing - <S-F5> Unlike the other commands described in Section 21, <S-F5> is used in EDIT mode. It writes a file previously created with EDDY's disk-to-file capabil- ity to an entire physical disk, overwriting everything, including format and file allocation information on the target disk. The result is an exact copy of the disk originally used to create the file. When this command is used, the display will show "Copy(!)" next to the file involved. The actual copying will be done only when you enter UPDATE, by pressing <Enter> as normally from EDIT. <S-F5> cannot be used if any other COPY or MOVE operations are pending. EDDY checks the disk format of the target disk against the corresponding information saved from the original disk. If there is any difference, or if the file size has been changed since it was created, the file-to-disk copy will not be allowed. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 64 22. Data Recovery These functions are not available when looking at remote (network) drives, or at disks larger than 32 megabytes. When you accidently delete a file, there are many excellent products to help you recover your data. With luck, your file was allocated to contiguous disk clusters, its directory entry has not been re-used, and no part of it has been overwritten. In this case, and even some more complicated, these programs can often recover your file automatically. If this solves your problem, congratulations! There's nothing easier. However, normally Mr. Murphy has made his contribution by the time you realize you have a problem. In this situation, EDDY offers facilities to assist you in recovering your data as easily as possible, and SAFELY! The job is made a little easier by some of the commands provided by EDDY. It is safe because all writes are to the target disk, which normally is physically separate from the one containing your data (although you may override this if you choose). Thus, there is no chance of making things worse, by erroneously patching FATs or directories, or by copying data you are trying to recover on top of data you will want to recover later. The steps for file recovery are... 1. Set your working directory to the directory which used to contain the file which had the data you want to recover. Move to the "Drive X: is..." line and press <F3>. Then press <A-w> to move to the area of the disk containing the working directory. Continue with Step 2. If the directory has been deleted too, start with the (former) parent directory as your working directory, and use Steps 2 and 3 to move to the disk area containing the deleted directory information. Then begin with Step 2 from there. 2. Move the display until the line containing your deleted filename (or directory) is at the top of the display. Only the first byte of the filename will be different: that byte will be either "E5" or "05" hex; the rest of the name will be unchanged (Note that there is no "." between the name and extension parts). If you'd like a clear display of the directory entry at the top of the display, press <A-d>. This can be particularly useful if there are several entries that might be the one you're looking for, or if the name was only one byte long, because you may be able to identify the correct entry by the former size, date, time and/or attributes. If you don't find the filename in the first cluster of the directory, press <A-n> to move to the next cluster allocated to the directory, and continue looking for the filename. If you can't find the filename you're looking for, go to Step 4, below. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 65 3. When you have the filename at the top of the screen, press <A-s>, to display the starting cluster of the deleted file. If the data displayed looks like what you expected to find, proceed to Step 5. If the data there doesn't look like it belongs to that file, the cluster has probably been re-used by DOS to store another file. In this case, continue with Step 4. 4. This step is needed when you have to do things the hard way - when directory entries or data file space has been re-used, and things are not so easy to find. The task is to identify the first cluster containing data belonging to your file. If you know what the data looked like, you may be able to locate it by using the FIND command to locate some known string. Otherwise, you'll have to scan through the clusters until you find one that contains likely-looking data. This is not QUITE so hard as it might be, because EDDY provides you with a way of looking only at clus- ters which are currently unallocated, which is where any data from de- leted files will be found. (But see note at bottom of this page.) Use <A-u> to look at the unallocated clusters, one after another. This is still tedious, but at least it's better than deciphering the FAT to locate these clusters. When you've found the cluster you want to start recovering, proceed to the next step. 5. Mark the selected cluster, using <m>. 6. Look at the next cluster. If it appears to contain the next part of the file, mark it, too. Repeat this step until the data in the current cluster looks like it's from another file, or from this one, but out of sequence. 7. Write the marked cluster(s), by pressing <Enter>. 8. Find the next cluster that looks like it logically follows the last one written, using FIND or <A-u>, as appropriate (refer to Step 4 for an explanation of these). 9. Repeat steps 5 - 8 until you feel you have all the data from your file (or as much of it as is left, if other files have overwritten some of the clusters previously used by your file). NOTE: Some implementations of DOS do not de-allocate clusters when a file is deleted, but instead wait until the space is needed and then do a "garbage collection". This can make recovery of a deleted file MUCH easier, as the cluster allocation chain remains intact. Just restore the first byte of the filename in the directory and Voila!, there's your file. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 66 23. UPDATE Mode - <Enter>, <^Enter> When you want to apply the changes you have made in EDIT mode to disk, press <Enter> to go to UPDATE mode. EDDY will display the net change in number of bytes used on disk which will result from your update. A "+" means more bytes will be used, and a "-" means some bytes will be freed. Before actually writing anything to disk, EDDY will ask you to confirm that you want to proceed, by pressing <Enter> again. This is to avoid writing to disk before you are ready because of touching a key by mistake. If you use <^Enter> to start the UPDATE, EDDY will ask you whether to put the current date/time on files copied. The UPDATE process normally - after <Enter> - leaves the timestamp unchanged on a file that has been copied. If you use <^Enter> instead, EDDY will ask whether you want to do this or not. (If you have customized EDDY as described in Section 24, EDDY assumes you are familiar with the program; in this case, no question is asked, and the timestamp on copied files will be set to the current DOS values.) 23.1 Applying changes As each file is being processed, its EDIT mode display line appears on the screen, allowing you to monitor UPDATE's progress through the directory. If a file's display line is not yet shown, nothing has been done to that file. After each file has been processed, EDDY checks to see if you have pressed a key. If so, updating will be suspended. All processing for the file being worked on will be completed, but no work will start on the next file. When UPDATE has been suspended, it may be resumed by pressing <Enter> (or <^Enter>, if you want to change the way timestamps on any further copied files are treated). If you press <Esc>, EDDY returns to EDIT mode, leaving intact any requests for changes not yet processed by UPDATE; these changes may be undone if desired, or you may UPDATE them later. UPDATE does Deletes and Destroys first. After deletions, a second pass is made to apply any other requested changes. If errors are encountered during UPDATE processing, such as read or write problems, EDDY reports the error as indicated by DOS and suspends the UPDATE at that point. You may resume the UPDATE or return to EDIT, as you choose. After a successful UPDATE, pressing any key returns to EDIT. If the key is one of EDDY's commands, it will be acted on. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 67 23.2 Print a Record of Your Changes - <A-p> While EDDY is waiting for confirmation that you want to proceed with an UPDATE - i.e., after you have pressed <Enter> once, and before you press it a second time - you may tell EDDY to print the changes as they are made. Press <A-p> if you want to print. Pressing <A-p> again turns printing off. You may also turn printing on during the UPDATE by pressing <A-p>. Printing will begin with the next change. 23.3 Target Capacity Check EDDY checks to be sure there is enough room on the target directory disk to satisfy any COPY or MOVE requests you may have made before starting the update. If there is, EDDY proceeds as described above. However, when there is not enough room, you will see the following messages: Not enough room on X: Bytes needed: nnnnnnn Can't COPY/MOVE files "X:" is the target disk drive. The number of additional bytes needed is calculated from the file sizes in the working directory and the cluster size of the target directory disk, and takes into account that EDDY does deletions first while updating. To make room on the target disk, you must delete or move files occupying clusters equal to the total "bytes needed". (Most files' sizes are not even cluster multiples, but the space allocated to them by DOS is.) When there are changes requested in addition to the copies and/or moves, this message will also be displayed: <Enter> to apply other UPDATEs If you decide to go ahead, requested changes other than copies and moves will be done, but files selected for copying or moving will be ignored. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 68 There are some situations in which the displayed summary of changes in disk space used may be inaccurate. In some cases, EDDY may run out of disk space at some intermediate stage during COPY/MOVE operations, even though the summary indicates there is enough space. This may happen in two situations. First, when all of these conditions occur: 1) Two or more files, for which there are files with the same name in the target directory, are being copied or moved. 2) Some of the files from the working directory use more clusters than their namesakes in the target directory, and some use fewer. 3) The big files are copied or moved before the small ones. In this case, all available space can be used before space is freed by the copying or moving of the smaller files. If this happens, just resume the UPDATE by pressing <Enter>. When the UPDATE has completed, the files that were not copied will still be tagged. UPDATE again to copy those remaining. A second situation that can cause the computed space requirement to be inaccurate is when copying is done with TAB expansion (see Section 11.3.1). TAB expansion (using <A-2> thru <A-8>) results in a file larger than the original. As EDDY does not scan the file first to count the actual number of TABs in the file and calculate the number of additional bytes that will result from the TAB expansion, it is possible to run out of space on the target disk. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 69 23.4 Error Recovery If a read error is encountered on a disk during a COPY or MOVE operation, EDDY offers three alternatives: 1 - Write a sector of "#" bytes in the new copy of the file in place of the sector that cannot be read. The new copy will be the same length as the original. All data which was in disk sectors that did not have have a problem will of course be copied intact. To see where the errors were, you might do a FIND on a string with several "#"s in a row. (EDDY writes a full sector, minus 4 bytes, of "#"s - the "#"s are preceded and followed by a CR,LF pair.) 2 - Skip the sector entirely, and write the next good block immediately after the previous block in the new copy. This obviously results in a new copy that is shorter than the original. When this alternative is used, there is nothing in the new file to indicate where sectors have been deleted. 3 - Abort the copy/move process. In this case the DOS error code will be displayed, and no new copy will be produced. EDDY will continue with any other updates that may have been requested for other files. After an update where choice 1 or 2 has been selected, the message displayed for the file(s) involved will be "copied(?)" or "moved(?)", to indicate that the new copy is not exactly the same as the original. Also, the date and time on the new copy will always be the current date and time in this case. If more than one error is found on a file, all will be treated in the same way, according to the alternative you select when the first was encountered. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 70 24. EDDY's Default Settings are Lousy! You can't please all of the people all of the time. With this in mind, EDDY has been designed to be easy to "tailor" to your taste in several ways. EDDY can be customized, creating a new copy of EDDY.COM with the various colors, options, controls, etc. set the way you like them. 24.1 Customizing - "EDDY/0" To customize, execute EDDY with option /0 (i.e., enter "EDDY/0") and use the normal commands available in the program to set the options, etc. Then tell EDDY to create a new copy of itself with those settings, by pressing <Enter> or <^Enter>. Normally, EDDY puts the current date/time on the new copy; if you want the old timestamp on the new copy, use <^Enter>. When you customize, your working directory must contain the version of EDDY that is to be customized (which must be the same as the version that's executing), and it must be named "EDDY.COM". The customizable features, and the ways to set them, are: 1. Options (see Section 3.2) - select via <A-o> or from the command line 2. COPY/MOVE/DELETE Controls (see Section 10) - select via <A-c> 3. Sort sequence (see Section 1.2.1) - use <A-d>, <A-e>, <A-h>, <A-n>, <A-s>, <A-u> and/or <A-i> NOTE: If you use any of the above sort commands, then sorting by date/time when using a timestamp filter is not automatic. 4. Auto-scrolling speed (see Section 8.2.2) - in LOOK mode, use <^PgUp>/<^PgDn> 5. LOOK mode bit-stripping, line-wrapping and TAB default settings (see Section 8.2.3) - in LOOK mode, use <A-b>, <A-l> and <A-number>, respectively 6. Hex/ASCII toggle key (see Section 8.2.1) - in LOOK mode, <S-Tab> allows selection of the key to be used 7. Screen colors (see Section 24.2) - use <A-r> (note: <A-r> valid only during customizing) EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 71 8. Attribute filter (see Section 18.1) - use <A-a>, or from the command line, "+xx" 9. Enable/disable absolute sector patching feature (see Section 21.6) - answer question: "Allow disk PATCHing by sector in new EDDY (y/n)?" When in "customize" mode, EDDY won't do any editing, copying, patching or other changes to the disk. The only purpose for this mode is to let you set things the way you want them and then make a copy of EDDY with those settings. Also, in this mode, a maximum of 50 files will be displayed. The customized version will be written to the working directory, and will be named "EDDY.COM". The original copy of EDDY will be renamed "EDDY.OLD". During the process of creating the new, customized EDDY.COM, there could be error conditions such as bad spots on the disk which cause the process to abort; if this occurs, you may see an error message referring to "EDDY.NEW" (e.g., "Error writing EDDY.NEW"). EDDY.NEW is the name given to the new copy during the customizing process, until it has completed without error; only then are the files renamed as described in the preceding paragraph. The messages "Where's EDDY.COM?" or "Incompatible EDDY.COM", mean EDDY.COM is not in your working directory, or the version that's there is not the same as the version that's executing, respectively. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 72 24.2 Rainbow Selection - <A-r> In "customize" mode only, the <A-r> command is available to allow you to select the color combination for EDDY that best suits your monitor and preferences. <A-r> displays the following: SELECT SCREEN COLORS For next color on Press ----------------- ----- Headings <h> Text body <t> Cursor line <c> Window borders <w> (Upper case for prev color) <Enter> when you like the colors Pressing any of the indicated letters changes the color of the corresponding part of the display, cycling through all the available colors as you press repeatedly. Upper case letters cycle in the opposite direction. When the colors are the way you want them, press <Enter>. Those colors will then be used with the new, customized copy of EDDY you create. 24.3 Customizing by PATCHing It is also possible to customize some features of EDDY by using EDDY's PATCH capability - <F4> - directly on EDDY.COM. 24.3.1 DOS Prompt String EDDY modifies the DOS prompt to end with "Exit>" when you use the DOS Gate- way, <F9>, to remind you that an EXIT command is eventually needed. If you don't like this, or if you'd prefer some other display, PATCH EDDY beginning at offset 00000004 (hex). In an unmodified copy of EDDY, you'll see the string "EDDY$g" in this location, followed by a hex byte of "00". If you want no change to the DOS prompt, change byte 00000004 to hex "00". If you want to use a different prompt, you may PATCH up to six bytes (00000004 - 00000009) with the string you want to use. Following the last byte of your string, PATCH one byte to "00" hex. 24.3.2 Data Error Indicator When EDDY finds data errors on a disk during a COPY operation, the bad sectors may be written out to contain all "#" bytes. If you PATCH the byte in EDDY.COM at offset 00000003 to any other value, that value will be used as the bad sector filler character. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 73 24.3.3 I Don't Mind a Little Flicker EDDY displays RAM (in LOOK mode) with a constant update of the screen between keystrokes, in order to allow you to watch what's really happening there; i.e., some locations, such as the system clock, are constantly changing. However, updating with this frequency causes a lot of screen flicker if a Color Graphics Adapter is used. Most people find this very annoying, and so this "real time" display isn't normally done with a CGA. However, if you REALLY want to try this, PATCH the byte in EDDY.COM at offset 0000000B to anything other than "00" hex. Have an aspirin ready. EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 74 25. Distribution and Support EDDY is "user supported" software, or "shareware", distributed without charge. EDDY and this User's Manual may be copied ad lib provided the author's copyright notice and disclaimers of warranty are reproduced in full. The program is supplied as-is. The author disclaims all warranties, expressed or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of merchantability and the warranties of fitness for any purpose. Copies of the program may not be sold for more than the cost of the medium they are copied on, plus reasonable handling charges. The total charge may not exceed $10. 25.1 EDDY is NOT Free! Although EDDY is distributed in this way, it is not free. After a reasonable trial period, if you find EDDY to be useful and satisfactory, and you continue to use EDDY, then please consider sending me a usage and registration fee of $20.00, at the addresse below. This low fee entitles you to technical support as described below, to receive one free update, subsequent updates at cost of distribution, and to the satisfaction of knowing you have done "the right thing". Please send all correspondence to John Scofield, at this address: 1522 West 5th St. San Pedro, CA 90732 USA When registering, you may use the form provided by PRINTing the ASCII file "EDDY_REG.DOC", or just drop me a line with information such as: 1. Your name, address and phone number 2. Version number of your copy of EDDY (as shown on the logo which is displayed when you exit from EDDY) 3. Where did you get your copy of EDDY? 4. Type of hardware you use - computer, monitor and display adapter 5. Any comments or suggestions THANKS FOR YOUR SUPPORT! EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 75 25.2 Technical Support In the unlikely event you (as a registered user) have a problem with EDDY (not a bug, surely!), if you take the trouble to report it, I'll try to solve it. And I'll get back to you with a fix, if possible. EDDY's PATCH command, using an area within EDDY reserved for this purpose, makes it reasonably easy to fix minor bugs without having to wait for a whole new version of the program. With any problem report, please include the following information: 1. Version number of your copy of EDDY (as shown on the logo which is displayed when you exit from EDDY) 2. Type of hardware - computer, monitor and display adapter 3. Level of MS- or PC-DOS you are using 4. Any resident programs being used 5. As complete a description of the problem as possible - - what did you enter on the command line? - <PrtSc> listings of the screen before and after the problem - how was EDDY's output different from what you expected? - any other information that seems relevant 6. Your name, address and phone number EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 76 Appendix A Command Reference I. Function Keys, Shifted Function Keys <F1> HELP <F2> UNDO <F3> LOOK at file, directory, disk or RAM <F4> PATCH file, disk or RAM <F5> COPY <F6> MOVE <F7> DELETE <F8> <F9> DOS gateway <F10> QUIT, return to exit directory if selected <^F2> - <^F7> Same as above, for all files <^F10> Same as <F10>; if EGA/VGA, lines/screen unchanged <A-F3> LOOK at file in target directory <A-F7> Logical DELETE (Ignore) - current file <A-^F7> Logical DELETE (Ignore) - all files <A-F9> Execute COM, EXE or BAT file <A-F10> QUIT, exit to current working directory <S-F3> Compare file's directory entries in working and target <S-F5> Copy file/overwrite entire disk <S-F7> DESTROY (overwrite file, then delete) <S-^F7> DESTROY all files <S-F9> Execute command defined in EDDY.USE on current file <S-^F9> Execute command defined in EDDY.USE on all files <S-F10> Select exit directory <A-S-F3> Compare current file's contents in working and target <S-^F3> Compare all files' dir entries in working and target EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 77 II. Alt- and Ctrl-Shifted Keys <A-a> ATTRIBUTE filtering <A-b> Set bit-stripping default state (LOOK)... ...OR...Copy with bit-stripping (EDIT) <A-c> Copy/Move/Delete CONTROL <A-d> Sort by file DATE/time... ...OR...Display directory entry (LOOK at disk) <A-e> Sort by file EXTENSION <A-f> FIND string in file <A-g> Assign GLOBAL match character (FIND) <A-h> Sort by file time (HOUR/minute) <A-i> INVERT display sequence <A-j> Jump to disk cluster (LOOK at disk) <A-k> Set "don't match" byte (FIND) <A-l> Set line-wrapping default state (LOOK) <A-m> Jump to marked area (LOOK at disk) <A-n> Sort by file NAME... OR...Jump to NEXT cluster (LOOK at disk) <A-o> OPTION settings <A-p> PRINT (directory, in EDIT; changes, in UPDATE; ... ...OR...file, in LOOK) <A-S-p> Send formfeed to printer <A-q> Timestamp filtering (EDIT) <A-r> REPLACE toggle (FIND)... ...OR...Rainbow (color) selection, when customizing (with option /0) <A-s> Sort by file SIZE... ...OR...Jump to STARTING cluster (LOOK at disk) <A-t> TARGET directory inquiry/change... ...OR...display TARGET directory (LOOK at disk) <A-u> Leave display UNSORTED... ...OR...display UNALLOCATED cluster (LOOK at disk) <A-v> VOLUME labelling <A-w> WORKING directory change... ...OR...display WORKING directory (LOOK at disk) <A-x> eXCHANGE working and target directories <A-y> Delete bytes from beginning or end of file (PATCH) <A-z> Append ^Z to file (PATCH) <A-equal> Set EDDY's timestamp to date and time of... ...current file or directory <A-minus> Undo effect of preceding <A-equal> <^f> FIND string in all files <^m> mark all sectors on disk (LOOK at disk) <^n> change attribute on all files to OFF <^w> "Where's That File?" <^y> change attribute on all files to ON EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (c) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 78 III. Miscellaneous Keys <=> Set file date and time to... ...EDDY's timestamp if <A-equal> previously used... ...otherwise, use current DOS date and time <+> Toggle attribute ON/OFF <BS> Interrupt repeating command <Tab> Toggle hex/ASCII display or data entry format... ...(LOOK, PATCH and FIND) <S-Tab> Set new key for hex/ASCII toggle... ...(LOOK, PATCH and FIND) <0> TAB characters not expanded (LOOK) <1> - <8> TAB characters expand to next "n"-byte boundary (LOOK) <A-0> - <A-8> Same as <0>-<8>, result becomes new default (LOOK)... ...OR...Copy with TAB expansion (EDIT) BIT-stripping toggle (LOOK) <d> Move ruler DOWN (LOOK) <e> EGA/VGA lines-per-screen toggle (LOOK) <f> Repeat previous FIND (LOOK) <j> JUMP to new position in file (LOOK) <l> LINE-wrapping toggle (LOOK) <m> MARK area to be copied (LOOK at disk) Make hex display PRINTABLE (LOOK) <r> RULER line display (LOOK) <t> Shift display 20 bytes right (LOOK) <T> Shift display 20 bytes left (LOOK) Move ruler UP (LOOK) <w> Display words, not bytes (LOOK) <W> Display inverted words (LOOK) EDDY 5.53 User's Manual Copyright (C) 1987-91 by John Scofield page 79 Appendix B Memory Usage EDDY uses different amounts of memory during various operations, depending on whether option /R is turned ON or not, whether expanded memory is present or not, and the way you use the DOS Gateway. Option /R & Expanded Memory --------------------------- Option /R tells EDDY to minimize its use of available memory. When option /R is ON, EDDY initially allocates about 80K of memory, including space used for input/output and other working buffers. The penalties paid for using less memory are potentially smaller directory display capacity (fewer files), slower COPY and MOVE operations, and more frequent file accesses when in LOOK mode. However, with /R turned ON, EDDY will also check for the presence of expanded (not extended) memory, and will attempt to allocate 64K of it for use as buffers. If this is successful, no penalty is suffered by using option /R (except that some of your expanded memory is used). The main memory allocation in this case remains at 80K. With option /R turned OFF, EDDY's initial memory allocation is about 154K. LOOK Mode Operations -------------------- If you use any of the LOOK, PATCH or FIND capabilities, around 20K more memory will be allocated, and will remain in use for the remainder of the time EDDY is executing (unless you use the DOS Gateway, as explained below). This memory is filled with the EDDYLOOK.AUX file. Thus, 100K would generally be in use with option /R ON, 174K with it OFF. If the required 20K of memory is not available when you first want to LOOK, PATCH or FIND, EDDY will attempt to use part of the working buffer area for this purpose, provided this does not reduce that area below the minimum EDDY needs to work with - 8K. If the 20K cannot be found there either, you will get the message "Not enough memory", and EDDY will remain in EDIT mode. DOS Gateway ----------- When you use the DOS Gateway, memory is required load a copy of the DOS shell, which varies in size with DOS level and OEM version. You'll also need some memory to do something useful once you're at the DOS prompt. If you press <F9> while in EDIT mode, EDDY will free the space allocated to working buffers (generally around 64K) and to EDDYLOOK.AUX (20K), giving you more space to execute other programs. If you press <F9> while in LOOK mode, none of EDDY's memory will be freed. When returning from the DOS Gateway, EDDY immediately reallocates the working buffers, if they were freed. If the minimum buffer space (8K) can't be allocated, EDDY will inform you, and terminate. When you use the Point-and-Shoot capabilities, memory is also required for the programs being executed. Freeing and reallocating memory is handled the same as for the DOS Gateway. HELP ---- Any time you call for HELP by pressing <F1>, EDDY loads and executes the EDDYHELP.COM file, which requires about 50K to run. First, EDDY tries to use expanded memory for EDDYHELP.COM. If it isn't available, main memory will be allocated. If that's not available either, you'll get the "Not enough memory" message, and no HELP. Memory allocated for HELP is freed as soon as you exit from HELP.